Veil, piercing the corporate

beneficiaries, claims brought by ultimate 6.92

controlling interests test 5.45, 5.50–5.53, 5.68

corporations, nationality of 5.47–5.63, 5.68, 5.87

ICSID arbitration 5.47–5.63, 5.68, 5.87

incorporation, law of place of 5.55

indirect claims 6.72

nationality 5.47–5.63, 5.68, 5.87

waiver

alternative options, of 3.12, 4.55–4.56

breach of contract 4.154

breach of treaty, claims on 4.87–4.91, 4.154

conflict of jurisdiction 4.31, 4.38, 4.52, 4.55–4.56

consent to jurisdiction 4.61

damages 4.88, 4.91

derivative rights 3.58, 3.62

diplomatic protection 3.58

direct rights 3.58, 3.62

electa una via4.52, 4.56, 4.153–4.154

express 4.154

fair and equitable treatment standard 4.85

ICSID arbitration 4.61, 4.154

implied 4.154

injunctions 4.88

NAFTA 2.44, 3.08, 4.55, 4.86–4.92, 4.154

parallel proceedings 1.21, 4.84–4.92, 4.154

privilege 7.94

ratione personae4.88

res judicata4.92

reviews of state conduct 4.85

US model BIT 3.12, 4.56

war clauses2.21–2.23

World Bank Guidelines on the Treatment of Foreign Direct Investment

compensation 9.08, 9.16, 9.26–9.29

discounted cash flow (DCF) 9.26–9.27

expropriation 9.08

text App 12