Косвенная речь

Если глагол, вводящий косвенную речь, стоит в прошедшем времени, обычно происходит согласование времен по этому вводящему глаголу, что выражается в следующей замене времен:

Present Simple “I live in Moscow,” she said. Present Continuous “He is reading a book,” I said. Present Perfect “We have finished,” they said. Present Perfect Continuous “I have been working hard since morning,” she said. Past Simple “I did it at 10,” he said. Will “I will call you,” she said.

Past Simple She said she lived in Moscow. Past Continuous I said he was reading a book. Past Perfect They said they had finished. Past Perfect Continuous She said she had been working hard since morning. Past Perfect / Past Simple He said he had done it at 10. Would She said she would call me.

Notes

1. Согласование времен в косвенной речи не происходит, если

a) действие в прямой речи выражает факты, истины, исторические события.

"Moscow is the capital of Russia," the teacher said.

The teacher said Moscow is the capital of Russia.

“Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius,” he told us.

He told us water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

“Saint Petersburg was founded in 1703,” the guide told us.

The guide told us Saint Petersburg was founded in 1703.

b) действие в косвенной речи непосредственно связано с моментом речи.

• I met Angels yesterday, she told me she is getting married.

• Really? Didn’t she say when the big day is?

2. Помимо времен, могут изменяться выражения времени и места, указательные местоимения (кроме случаев в пункте 1. b):

here now this, these today, tonight tomorrow yesterday last week next week ago

there then that, those that day, that night the next day the day before the week before the following week before

3. Модальные глаголы при переводе в косвенную речь не меняются, за исключением:

will can may shall

would could (would be able to) might should

4. Предложения с нереальным условием (т. e. c бы), а также предложения в сослагательном наклонении не изменяются.

“If you were more careful you wouldn’t make so many mistakes,” the teacher told me.

The teacher told me if I were more careful I wouldn’t make so many mistakes.

“I wish you were here,” she said.

She wished I were there.

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