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ENGLISH VERB: ACTIVE TENSES

Indefinite (Simple)

Continuous (Progressive)

Perfect

Perfect Continuous

Present

We paint pictures.

He paints pictures.

They don’t paint pictures.

He doesn’t paint pictures.

Do you paint pictures?

Does he paint pictures?

He is ill.

Is he ill?

He isn’t ill.

You are ill.

You aren’t ill.

Are you ill?

AM / IS /ARE + Ving

We are painting pictures.

He is painting a picture.

I am not painting a picture.

They are not painting pictures.

Are you painting a picture?

Is she painting a picture?

HAVE / HAS + V3

I have painted the picture.

He has sold the picture.

They have not painted the picture.

He hasn’t sold the picture.

Have you painted the picture?

Has she sold the picture?

HAVE BEEN + Ving

I have been reading this book for 2 days.

Я читаю эту книгу 2 дня.

How long has he been reading this book?

Сколько он уже читает эту книгу?

  1. регулярные действия в настоящем

  2. факты, истины (Cats catch mice)

  3. расписание (The train leaves at 5)

  4. после if и when для обозначения будущих действий

1. процесс в момент речи или вокруг него (I’m reading a book now)

  1. запланированное действие

(We are leaving for Moscow tonight)

3. эмоции (I’m always losing my keys)

1. результат действия, завершивш. к наст моменту

2. жизненный опыт (I’ve never been to Egypt)

3. действие началось в прошлом и продол- жалось до наст. мом. (I’ve always loved you)

Подчеркивается длительный хар-р действия, кот. началось в прошлом и все еще продолжается или законч. к настоящему моменту

Past

Ved / Irreg. V.

WAS / WERE + Ving

We were painting pictures from 1 to 5.

He was painting his picture.

He wasn’t painting, he was sleeping.

Was he painting?

Were they painting?

процесс в прошлом.

HAD + V3

He had cooked dinner before I came.

Он приготовил обед до того, как я пришел.

Had he cooked dinner before you came?

He hadn’t cooked dinner by 5.

действие, завершившееся к определенному моменту в прошлом

HAD BEEN + Ving

He had been cooking dinner for 2 hours when I came.

Он готовил обед уже 2 часа, когда я пришел.

Had he been cooking dinner?

He hadn’t been cooking dinner.

действие началось до опред. момента в прошлом и длилось вплоть до этого момента.

We painted pictures.

Did you paint pictures?

He didn’t paint pictures.

He was ill.

Was he ill?

He wasn’t ill

факты, события, регулярные действия в прошлом

Future

WILL + V

He will paint a picture.

Will he paint a picture?

He won’t paint a picture.

1. предсказание

2. обещание, предложение

3. спонтанное решение

WILL + BE + Ving

He will be painting his picture for 2 years.

Will he be painting? …

He won’t be painting …

1. процесс в будущем

2. запланированное действие

WILL HAVE + V3

He will have painted his picture by July.

Он нарисует картину к июлю.

He won’t have painted.

Will he have painted?

завершенное действие в будущем

WILL HAVE BEEN + Ving

By that time he will have been painting his picture for 10 years.

К тому времени он будет рисовать свою картину уже 10 лет.

действие начнется до определенного момента в будущем и будет длиться вплоть до этого момента

PRESENT SIMPLE

Настоящее простое

BE1

БЫТЬ

Positive

(утвердительное)

I2 am (I’m3) happy.

You4 are (you’re) happy

He is (he’s) happy.

She is (she’s) happy.

It is (it’s) happy.

We are (we’re) happy.

They are (they’re) happy.

Negative

(отрицательное)

I am not (I’m not) sad.

You are not (aren’t5) sad.

He is not (isn’t) sad.

She is not (isn’t) sad.

It is not (isn’t) sad.

We are not (aren’t) sad.

They are not (aren’t) sad.

Question

(вопросительное)

Am I happy?

Are you happy?

Is he happy?

Is she happy?

Is it happy?

Are we happy?

Are they happy?

1 Нужно использовать в качестве глагола-связки, если дальше идет существительное или прилагательное. Если в предложении используется глагол, be в данном времени не используется. Ср.: I am a driver (driver – существительное). But: I drive a car (drive – глагол).

2 Приводимые ниже местоимения могут заменять существительные: напр., Peter – he; mother – she; cat – it; my wife and I – we; children – they.

3 Краткие формы характерны для разговорной речи.

4 You всегда идет по множественному числу.

5 Краткая форма aren’t произносится без призвука [r]: [a:nt].

HAVE

ИМЕТЬ

Positive

I, you, we, they have a brother.

He, she, it has a brother.

Negative

I, you, we, they do not (don’t) have a brother.

He, she, it does not (doesn’t) have a brother.

Question

Do I, you, we, they have a brother?

Does he, she, it have a brother?

DO1

ДЕЛАТЬ

Positive

I work.

You work.

He, she, it works.

We work.

They work.

Negative

I do not (don’t) work.

You do not (don’t) work.

He does not (doesn’t) work2.

She does not (doesn’t) work.

It does not (doesn’t) work.

We do not (don’t) work.

They do not (don’t) work.

Question

Do I work?

Do you work?

Does he work?

Does she work?

Does it work?

Do we work?

Do they work?

1 В данном случае под глаголом do подразумевается любой глагол, кроме be и have.

2 Суффикс –(е)s в отрицательных и вопросительных формах переходит в вспомогательный глагол (do – does).

V + -(E)S: SPELLING RULES