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5. Prepositions. Choose the right preposition in brackets according

to the contents of the sentences (by, from, in, on, to, of, for).

  1. If no precedent could be found, the judge made a decision that is based ... existing legal principles and his decision would become a precedent for other courts to follow when a similar case arose.

  2. All new treaties must be adopted only... reference ... the main legal document of a country, its Constitution.

  3. These judges are free to depart ... the precedent and set a new precedent as it is accepted and used by other judges.

  4. How many chapters is the Ukrainian Constitution composed ...?

  5. In the USA jurors are selected at random ... all of the registered voters in the district.

  6. The judge must instruct the jury ... the law that applies ... the case.

  7. Even statutes often need to be interpreted ... the courts ... order ... fit particular cases, and these interpretations become new precedents.

  8. The property and affairs of mentally-ill persons are administered ... the Court of Protection.

6. Substitute the active vocabulary of the lesson for the italicized parts.

  1. The investigator disclosed new facts and evidence.

  2. In civil cases, the jury’s verdict must be unanimous, unless the sides have

agreed before the trial that they will agree to a verdict that is not unanimous.

  1. What issues will be taken into deliberation during pre-trial conference.

  2. The judges are free to deviate from the precedent and establish a new

court decision as it is used by other judges to follow when a similar case arose.

  1. The jury retired to the jury room to discuss the evidence and to reach a verdict.

  2. In all common law systems, judges sometimes make laws, since their

creative explanation may become precedents for other courts to allow.

  1. In English law, the principle of judicial re-examination enables a court to overturn a decision made by government ministry that acted illegally.

  2. In most cases the lawyers and judges agree before trial what issues are engaged in argument involving different opinions.

7. Many words have more than one meaning and you must be careful when you use your dictionary to find the right definition. In the following sentences, the words in italics have several meanings. Translate the words paying special attention to the meanings as legal terms.

  1. Who is the leader of the political party?

  2. Yesterday he invited me to his birthday party and I was very glad to hear it.

  3. Each of the sides involved in a legal dispute is a party.

  4. A lawyer participates in questioning the witnesses and submits evidence.

  5. Do you have any evidence to prove your idea?

  6. Judgement is a legal term that means the legal reasoning and decision of a court in a case brought before it.

  7. The constitutional composition of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine consists of 450 National Deputies of Ukraine who are elected for a four-year term on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage, by secret ballot.

  8. Every year many Ukrainian young people apply to various higher education

institutions.

  1. The courts interpret and apply the law.

  2. Applicant is a person who makes a formal request or application to a court.

UNIT 4___________________________________________________________

CRIMINAL LAW:

  1. CRIME INVESTIGATION: FORENSIC SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC EXPERTISE.

  2. CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS.

Pre-reading tasks____________________________________________________