VII. Find words and expressions in the text which mean:

1. the system of law courts in a country;

2. place where law-cases are held;

3. person against whom a legal action is brought;

4. punishment for wrongdoing;

5. court where children are tried;

6. crime breaking of a rule.

VIII. Ask questions to get the following answers:

1. There are two courts of trial and two courts of appeal for criminal proceedings in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

2. The courts of trial are the Magistrates' Court and the Crown Court.

3. The courts of appeal are the Court of Appeal and the House of Lords.

4. The Magistrates' Court deals with summary offences.

5. The Crown Court deals with indictable offences.

6. Magistrates' Courts have limited powers of penalty.

7. Approximately 95% of all prosecutions are dealt with in the Magistrates' Courts.

8. Juvenile Courts try most charges against children and young persons under the age of 18 years.

IX. Answer the following questions:

1. What courts are there in England, Wales and Northern Ireland?

2. What offences does the Magistrates' Court deal with?

3. Where must be the most serious offences committed to?

4. What charges do Juvenile Courts try?

5. What court is the senior court of trial for criminal offences?

6. What is the most senior and final court of appeal?

7. What do civil proceedings consist of?

8. Where is the High Court of Justice situated?

X. Complete the following sentences by translating the words and expressions in brackets:

1. All criminal cases start in the (магістерському суді).

2. More serious criminal cases then go to (Королівський суд).

3. Civil cases are dealt with in (судах графств).

4. Appeals are heard by (апеляційними судами).

5. The highest court of appeal in England and Wales is (Палата лордів).

6. The legal system also includes (суди у справах неповнолітніх) which deal with offenders under seventeen.

The court system of england and wales

I. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian:

The most common type of law court in England and Wales is the magistrates' court. There are 700 magistrates' courts and about 30,000 magistrates.

More serious criminal cases then go to the Crown Court which has 90 branches in different towns and cities. Civil cases (for example, divorce or bankruptcy cases) are dealt with in County courts.

Appeals are heard by higher courts. For example, appeals from magistrates' courts are heard in the Crown Court, unless they are appeals on points of law. The highest court of appeal in England and Wales is the House of Lords. Scotland has its own High Court in Edinburgh which hears all appeals from Scottish courts. Certain cases may be referred to the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. In addition individuals have made the British Government change its practices in a number of areas as a result of petitions to the European Court of Human Rights.

The legal system also includes juvenile courts which deal with offenders under seventeen and coroners' courts which investigate violent, sudden or unnatural deaths. There are administrative tribunals which make quick, cheap and fair decisions with much less formality. Tribunals deal with professional standards, disputes between individuals and disputes between individuals and government departments (for example, over taxation).

II. Find in the text English equivalents for the following expressions:

- загальне право

- рішення суду

- кримінальний кодекс

- цивільний кодекс

- Королівський Суд

- цивільна справа

- суди графств

- Європейський суд у справах людини

- правова система

- суд у справах неповнолітніх

- кримінальна справа.

III. Answer the following question:

1. Who is responsible for making laws in Britain?

2. What is the difference between criminal and civil law?

3. What is the most common type of law court in England and Wales?

4. Name three other types of British courts.

IV. Try to present information on judicial organizations in UK: