VI. Answer the following questions:

1. By its nature international law is a common concern of all states, isn’t it?

2. Is international law a product of the legal culture, thought and experience of many different societies?

3. What is the central concern of international law?

4. What is the role of international law?

5. «Justiciable» is a layer’s word, isn’t it? What kind of disputes are called justiciable?

6. How are justiciable disputes resolved?

7. What example of a nonjusticiable dispute can you cite?

8. Are questions of justiciability fundamental in any legal system?

9. What can you say about international law as the life of a legal system is measured?

10. International law was essentially a European development until the nineteenth century, wasn’t?

11. Since what time has international law spread to other continents?

12. What does customary international law reflect?

What is conventional international law

VII. Which of these statements best expresses the main idea of the text? Give reasons for your answer:

1. International law is partly customary and partly conventional.

2. As the life of a legal system is measured, international law is still young.

3. The role of international law is to establish a workable framework for intergovernmental relations.

4. Questions of justiciability are fundamental in any legal system.

Classification of international law

I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

To employ – наймати, to fail – зазнавати невдачі, tension – напруженість, to enforce – примушувати, internal – внутрішній, to grant – дарувати.

II. Read and translate the text.

There are two main kinds of international law: private and public. The private law concerns the role of foreign laws within a particular country. For example, if an Englishman wants to sell property he owns in France to another Englishman, any English court must consider French Law. Public international law, on the other hand, deals with relations between states.

A typical problem in public international law would be an examination of the circumstances in which State A was entitled to employ force against State B. Public international law is generally thought to have developed in Western Europe in the 16-th and 17-th centuries as the autonomous secular state became the basic political unit. International law or the law of nations, as it was then described, developed in order to provide basic rules adequate to regulate relations between nations.

Most international law was created in the twenties century. The Leaguer of Nations was set up after World War I to regulate disputes between nations. However, it failed to stop the tension that led to World War II, partly because some powerful countries did not join (U.S.) and others left when they disagreed with its decisions (Germany, Japan).

There are some important differences between international laws and those created inside individual states. Domestic laws are passed by legislative bodies, most of which have some popular political support. International Laws, on the other hand, are created by agreements among governments. Enforcement of international law is also different. Many international agreements are not binding – for example, UN General Resolution.