III. Agree or disagree with the statements:

1. Ukrainian customs are influenced by Islam, which is the dominant religion in the country.

2. The culture of Ukraine has been influenced by its eastern and western neighbours.

3. The tradition of the Easter egg is quite young in Ukraine.

4. The tradition of the Easter egg precedes the arrival of Christianity to Ukraine.

5. The museum of Pysanka in Kyiv won a nomination as the monument of modern Ukraine in 2007 and is a part of the Seven Wonders of Ukraine action.

6. According to the Constitution, the state languages of Ukraine are Ukrainian and Russian.

7. Most native Ukrainian speakers know Russian as a second language.

8. Ukrainian is the dominant language in cities, while Russian is the dominant language in rural communities.

9. In the 20-th century, the number of Ukrainian speakers was declining from generation to generation.

10. The government of independent Ukraine began following a policy of Ukrainization, to increase the use of Ukrainian.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. What are the Ukrainian customs influenced by?

2. Was the culture of Ukraine influenced by its eastern and western neighbours?

3. Does the tradition of the Easter egg do back to thousands of years ago?

4. What are the most spoken languages in modern Ukraine?

5. What is the Ukrainian government language policy?

V. Match the first part of the sentence (1-5) with the second one (a-e).

1	The number of Ukrainian speakers	a	has long roots in Ukraine.
2	The tradition of the Easter egg	b	the dominant religion in the country.
3	The culture of Ukraine has been influenced	c	was declining from generation to generation.
4	Grandparents play a greater role	d	by its eastern and western neighbours.
5	Ukrainian customs are influenced by Christianity,	e	in raising children than in the West.

VI. Make up a plan of the text.

VII. Retell the text in a written form (in English or Ukrainian). Unit 5 the branches of law: system, origin, principles. Civil law, criminal law, administrative law, labour law.

1. Read the text to understand what information is of primary importance or new for you:

Law: what is it?

Law is a body of official rules and regulations. It is generally found in constitutions, legislation and judicial decisions. Law is used to govern a society and to control the behaviour of its members. The nature and functions of law have varied throughout history. In modern societies, some authorized body such as a legislature or a court makes the law. It is supported by the coercive power of the state, which enforces the law by means of appropriate penalties or remedies.

Formal legal rules and actions are usually distinguished from other means of social control and guides for behaviour such as morality, public opinion, and custom or tradition. Of course, a lawmaker may respond to public opinion or other pressures, and a formal law may prohibit what is morally unacceptable.

Law serves a variety of functions. Laws against crimes, for example, help to maintain a peaceful, orderly, relatively stable society. Courts contribute to social stability by resolving disputes in a civilized fashion. Property and contract laws facilitate business activities. Laws limit the powers of government and help to provide some degree of freedom that would not otherwise be possible. Law has also been used as a mechanism for social change; for instance, at various times laws have been passed to improve the quality of individual life in matters of health, education, and welfare.

Law is not completely made by humans; it also includes natural law. The best-known version of this view, that God's law is supreme, has had considerable influence in the United States and other Western societies. The civil rights movement, for example, was at least partially inspired by the belief in natural law. Such a belief seems implicit in the view that law should serve to promote human dignity, as for instance by the enforcement of equal rights for all. Muslim societies also embrace a kind of natural law, which is closely linked to the religion of Islam.