1. Read the text and carry out the following assignments:

   1. Read and give equivalents of the following 'interna­tionalisms:

instrument, automation, control, check, muscle, oper­ation, to organize, to correct, combination, drastic, pneu­matic, hydraulic, to mark, part, to integrate, to select, alterna­tive, action, routine, to base, logic, technique, correction, to co-ordinate, active, cement, textile, total.

2. Find in the text the sentence telling about the new stage in the development of automatic control.

3. Is the definition of the term "automation" given in the text?

1. Give equivalents of the following word-combinations:

automatic control, suitable trade, continuous flow, human operator, electronic devices, processed part, alternative courses, routine brainwork, skilled supervision, different tech­niques, widely established, overall trend, computer technology.

ill. Translate the following sentence into Ukrainian:

Not until the twentieth century was the idea of producing goods in a continuous flow rather than in batches widely applied.

4. Is there any difference between the term «комплексна автоматизація» and "complex automatization"?

5. What is understood under the term "automatic control in industry"?

6. Explain the difference between "automatic" and "auto­mated".

7. What is the final aim of the progress of overall automation?

8. Why do the students of the Automation Department get specialized as "electrical engineers"?

9. Give a short summary of the text.

turing systems has been a subject of study and application for several decades. Manually controlled manipulators of space systems and for nuclear fuel control have been designed and implemented for many years.

Robots combine computer intelligence, modern sensors, and manipulator arms to provide flexible devices that can economically increase the productivity of manufacturing processes.

Many computer factory systems exist today in the world of automation. We can be sure that tomorrow more integrated factory systems will become economically profitable.

With the enhanced functions of computer software and hardware, the introduction of computers for industry auto­mation becomes more common.

In our days one cannot imagine technical progress with­out automation, which is the highest stage of mechanization. The number of automatic plants in our country grows and will continue to grow. Such is. the demand of the scientific and technological progress of modern civilization.

Thus, like most of the things we have today, robots are the result of the contribution of hundreds of men throughout history. Men in many different countries and in many differ­ent fields of activity helped build robots.

ASSIGNMENTS

1. Read the text and answer the following questions:

I. When did the concept of a robot capture man's imagin­ation? 2. When were the first automatic animals and robot­like figures constructed? 3. When was the first industrial robot introduced? 4. What were first robots intended to do? 5. When were manually.controlled manipulators for nuclear fuel control designed and implemented? 6. What kind of de­vices were early robots? 7. What makes a robot a flexible device? 8. What are the functions of computer's software and hardware? 9. Is technical progress possible without automa­tion? 10. Who contributed to the appearance of robots?

Make a plan and render the text.LESSON TWENTY-THREE

Grammar: 1. The Use of Tense Forms (Review).

2. The Infinitive (Functions; Practice of Translation).

3. Compound Nouns and Adjectives.

4. Word-combinations.

READING EXERCISES

1. Two-syllable words:

nature, later, counting, rapid, knowledge, technique, changes, clothing, sources, travel, leisure, deserts, unless, planet, crisis, realize, social, effort, fulfil, future.

2. Many-syllable words:

civilization, application, generation, primitive, material, environmental, unrecognizably, facilities, conquering, geo­graphical, technological, relationship, legislation, require, inadequacy.