Vocabulary

Russians – Обратите внимание: названия национальностей могут употребляться как с определенным артиклем, так и без артикля burst – вспышка, прилив (энергии) harsh – суровый to overcome – преодолевать hardships – трудности, лише­ния cautious – осторожный reticent – молчаливый, скрытный reserved – сдержанный hospitable – гостеприимный

according to – согласно, в соответствии с to welcome – приветствовать to be devoted – быть преданным to fight – бороться, сражаться independence – независимость enemy – враг on the contrary – напротив, наоборот to encourage – способствовать, поддерживать research – исследование innovation – нововведение, новшество outstanding – выдающийся to agree – соглашаться

Questions

1. How much is the Russian national character influenced by geography?

2. How can you describe your nation?

3. How different or alike do you think the Russians and the British arc?

4. Why don’t the Russians trim the grass, bushes or trees? Why does everything just grow wild?

5. Why do Russian people often gather around the samovar on holidays or when guests come to their places?

6. The British are said to be polite. And what about the Russians?

7. What are the main traits of the Russian character?

8. How can you prove that Russian people are very hospitable?

9. What Russian traditions do you know?

10. Do the Russians have a sense of humour?

11. Do Russian people love their Motherland? And what about you?

Moscow

(Москва)

There is a lot to see in Russia, but first of all foreign tourists visit the capital of our country, Moscow, its economic and cultural centre. They dream of visiting Red Square, which is called the heart of Moscow. Perhaps, the most ancient monument of Red Square is St. Bazil’s Cathedral. With its nine beautifully painted cupolas, it is a real masterpiece of ancient Russian architecture.

If you come to Moscow for the first time, you should by all means visit the Kremlin, which is very impressive. On the territory of the Kremlin you can see old cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, the State Kremlin Palace, the Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world. The Kremlin centre looks truly magnificent today. The main Kremlin tower, the Spasskaya Tower, has become the symbol of the country.

If you leave the Kremlin by Trinity Gate, you will come to the Alexandrovsky Gardens. The first thing to do in the Gardens is to stand by the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, still and silent. Not far from the Alexandrovsky Gardens behind the Bolshoi Kamenny Bridge you will see St. Saviour’s Cathedral with its huge beautiful gilded dome. The original cathedral was erected by the order of Emperor Alexander as a token of the Russian people’s gratitude to God for the deliverance of Russia from Napoleon’s invasion in 1812. In 1931 it was demolished. But in 1995, Moscow’s Mayor Yuri Luzhkov and the world-famous musician Mstislav Rostropovich laid the first stone in the foundation of the new Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. Today you can admire this Cathedral in the centre of Moscow.

Foreigners are usually surprised by the number of churches and cathedrals in and around the city. There are also a lot of beautiful palaces, old mansions and monuments in Moscow.

There are more than 80 museums in our capital. The largest museums are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, whose collections include works of art of the ancient Orient and ancient Egypt, and the State Tretyakov Gallery, which houses a rich collection of Russian painting and Russian icons. Other unique museums in Moscow are the State History Museum, the All-Russia Museum of Decorative, Applied and Folk Art, Polytechnical Museum and many others. Moscow is famous for its theatres too. The best-known of them is the Bolshoi Opera House. Drama theatres and studios are also very popular.

One more interesting place to visit in Moscow is the All-Russia Exhibition Centre, which occupies an area of 530 acres. The Exhibition Centre is situated in a beautiful park. The most admired feature of the Exhibition Centre is its fountains. The “Friendship of the Nations” and the “Stone Flower” fountains are the most beautiful. The Exhibition Centre is a large cultural and commercial complex where different international exhibitions and fairs are held.

One of the most famous sights of the city is the Moscow Metro and the journey by Metro will be unforgettable. In the Metro you do not feel as if you’re underground. This is due to the unique architecture and the artistic design of the stations, which are more like palaces. No two stations are alike; most of them have their own appearance.

Moscow is the city that must be seen. It is one of the largest cities in the world. The population of Moscow is over 10 million. Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament and the centre of political life of the country.