Variant №2

1 Translate the following text in written form using a dictionary:

Wholesaling

Wholesaling is a part of the marketing system. It provides channels of distribution which help to bring goods to the market. Generally indirect channels are used to market manufactured consumer goods. It could be from the manufacturer to the wholesaler, from the retailer to the consumer or through more complicated channels. A direct channel moves goods from the manufacturer or producer to the consumer.

Wholesaling is often a field of small business, but there is a growing chain movement in the western countries. About a quarter of wholesaling units account for one-third of total sales. Two-thirds of the wholesaling middlemen are merchant wholesalers who take title to the goods they deal in. There are also agent middlemen who negotiate purchases or sales or both. They don't take title to the goods they deal in. Sometimes they take possession though. These agents don't earn salaries. They receive commissions. This is a percentage of the value of the goods they sell.

Wholesalers simplify the process of distribution. For example, the average supermarket stocks 5,000 items in groceries alone, a retail druggist can have more than 6,000 items. As a wholesaler handles a large assortment of items from numerous manufacturers he reduces the problems of both manufacturers and retailer.

2 Answer the questions:

1. What is the aim of wholesaling?

2. How can you describe a direct channel of distribution?

3. What is an indirect channel of distribution?

3 Change the following statements to question beginning with the question words given:

1. He is fond of fishing. (What)

2. In winter he spends hours on end near ice holes. (Where)

3. Last year during my winter vacation I travelled by train. (When, how)

4. I shall be finishing my work at 10 tomorrow. (Who, when)

5. These goods were brought last week. (What, when)

4 Translate the following sentences into English and state their tense and voice:

1. Финансовые документы подписываются директором.

2. Мы будем жить на первом этаже?

3. Мои родители были в кино в прошлый вторник.

4. У тебя будут тетради в понедельник?

5. Краны применяются для подъема тяжелых грузов.

5 Use the verbs in brackets in the correct forms:

1. They usually (to play) football on Sunday.

2. My report (to discuss) tomorrow.

3. Your sister’s flat (to be) on the first floor.

4. They (to have) lessons tomorrow.

5. Heat and light (to give) to us by the sun.

6 Change each of the following sentences into interrogative and negative forms:

1. He sleeps in the open air.

2. The radio set in the open air.

3. She bought a new dress last week.

4. English films are shown at the cinema every Friday.

5. They returned to Moscow from Sochi two months ago.

7 Change the following sentences from Active to Passive. Do not change the tense:

1. They told me an interesting story yesterday.

2. They will show us some new magazines.

3. They teach the children French and German.

4. My brother showed me a new dictionary.

5. The teacher explained the rule to us.

8 Translate the following sentences into Russian and state their tense and voice:

1. Yesterday our lesson began at a quarter to nine in the morning.

2. Was the article translated yesterday?

3. He is always laughed at.

4. New Year is one of the most beautiful and interesting holidays.

5. He cut the bread with a knife.