Variant 8

1 Translate the following text in written form using a dictionary:

Short Term Financing

The seasonal financial needs of, a company may be covered by short term sources of funds. The company must pay them off within one year. Businesses spend these funds on salaries and for emergencies. The most popular outside sources, of short term funds are trade credit, loans, factors, sales finance companies, and government sources.

About 85 percent of all US business transactions involve some form of trade credit. When a business orders goods and services it doesn't normally pay for them. The supplier provides them with an invoice requesting payment within a settled time period, say thirty days. During this time the buyer uses goods and services without paying for them.

A company can use the trade credit as a source of savings. Atypical trade arrangement is 2/10, net 30. If a buyer pays within 10 days instead of 30, he gets a 2 percent discount. The savings a buyer obtains can be used as a source of short term funds.

2 Answer the following questions:

1 How can a company coyer its seasonal financial needs?

2 What do the companies spend short term funds on?

3 How much of all business arrangements does trade credit involve in the USA?

3 Match the words with their definitions:

RESPONSE, TO CALL FOR, AVAILABLE, MARKETING

1 At one's disposal, something one can obtain.

2 An answer, a reply.

3 Sales promotion.

4 To demand, to require.

4 Translate the following sentences into English paying special attention to the use of the modal verbs:

1 Эту машину нельзя упаковывать в, этот ящик.

2 Счета пришлось проверить еще раз.

3 Согласно контракту, товары должны быть доставлены не позже 1 сентября.

4 Не может быть, чтобы он уехал из Москвы, не сказав мне об этом.

5 Эту работу приходится делать каждый день.

5 Translate the following sentences into Russian using the gerund:

1 Upon receiving the charterer's orders he communicated them to the captain of the vessel.

2 The cost of repairing the damage sustained by the steamer through being delayed in the ice is estimated at 4,000 roubles.

3 The steamer went to Odessa for certain repairs before proceeding to her port of loading

4 There is little likelihood of the goads remaining unsold after the 15th of September.

5 In the event of the steamer being ordered to three port of discharge, the rate of freight will be increased by one shilling per ton.

6 Translate the following sentences into English:

1 Машинистка напечатала все письма до того, как пришел директор.

2 Мы пришли домой, когда солнце ещё светило.

3 Товары доставлены сегодня самолетом.

4 Нам не показали каталогов, которые были получены из Лондона.

5 Солнце еще не взошло, когда я проснулся.

7 Translate the following sentences into Russian and state the forms and function of participles:

1 The article on agriculture published in this magazine was written by Popov.

2 While examining the cases discharged from the ship, he noticed that some of them were broken.

3 The boy playing in the garden is my sister's son.

4 What do you call a ship built for the transportation of timber?

5 Having lived in that town all his life, he knew it very well.

8 Use the verbs in brackets in the correct forms:

1 By the time he is thirty he (to become) a great musician.

2 He (to shrug) his shoulders, (to shake) his head, but (to say) nothing.

3 She (to frighten) by a loud noise in the street.

4 He very much wanted to go to the Far East as he never (to be) there.

5 The documents not (to sign) yet by the manager.

9 Translate the following sentences into English using infinitives:

1 Он закрыл окно, чтобы не простудиться.

2 Он прочитал правило несколько раз, чтобы лучше понять его.

3 Она всегда гуляет вечером, чтобы лучше спать.

4 Для того, чтобы удовлетворить увеличившийся спрос на промышленные товары, большое количество новых магазинов открыто в городах и селах нашей страны.

5 Он попросил меня подождать немного.

10 Change the following sentences from Active to Passive. Do not change the tense:

1 As the buyers had not opened a letter of credit, we could not ship the goods.

2 The sellers are to charter a ship for the transportation of the goods.

3 They gave him an invitation card to the party.

4 Everybody objected to his proposal.

5 The contract provided for the delivery of caviare at regular intervals.