Variant 3

1 Translate the following text in written form using a dictionary:

Short Term Financing

The seasonal financial needs of, a company may be covered by short term sources of funds. The company must pay them off within one year. Businesses spend these funds on salaries and for emergencies. The most popular outside sources, of short term funds are trade credit, loans, factors, sales finance companies, and government sources.

About 85 percent of all US business transactions involve some form of trade credit. When a business orders goods and services it doesn't normally pay for them. The supplier provides them with an invoice requesting payment within a settled time period, say thirty days. During this time the buyer uses goods and services without paying for them.

A company can use the trade credit as a source of savings. Atypical trade arrangement is 2/10, net 30. If a buyer pays within 10 days instead of 30, he gets a 2 percent discount. The savings a buyer obtains can be used as a source of short term funds.

2 Answer the following questions:

1 How can a company coyer its seasonal financial needs?

2 What do the companies spend short term funds on?

3 How much of all business arrangements does trade credit involve in the USA?

4 Translate the following sentences into English paying special attention to the use of the modal verbs:

1 Они смогли выполнить все условия договора.

2 Это письмо надо будет отослать немедленно.

3 Пароход должен был выйти из порта в понедельник, но из-за шторма ему пришлось остаться в порту до вторника.

4 Если бы все меры были приняты, этого могло бы не произойти.

5 Товары не надо посылать самолетом.

5.Translate the following sentences into Russian using the gerund:

1 I dislike borrowing things from people.

2 Before signing the contract he wanted to get the approval of the chairman.

3 She was quite disappointed at not seeing them there again.

4 We objected to the ore being shipped in bulk.

5 Тhey informed us of the vessel having left the port.

RESPONSE, TO CALL FOR, AVAILABLE, MARKETING

1 At one's disposal, something one can obtain.

2 An answer, a reply.

3 Sales promotion.

4 To demand, to require.

4. Translate the following sentences into English paying special attention to the use of the modal verbs:

3 Match the words with their definitions:

6 Translate the following sentences into English:

1 Он хорошо изучил английский язык до того, как поехал в Англию.

2 Когда я вошел, он положил книгу на стол и встал, чтобы приветствовать меня.

3 Когда вы позвонили по телефону, работа была только что закончена.

4 Соглашение было достигнуто после долгих переговоров.

5 Машинистка еще не напечатала всех писем, когда я пришел.

7 Translate the following sentences into Russian and state the forms and functions of participles:

1 The books lying on the table belong, to Ann.

2 The textile goods produced by the factory are in great demand.

3 He left the office at three o'clock, saying he would be back at five.

4 Having been well prepared for the examination, the student cоuld answer all the questions the teacher asked.

5 Being checked with great care, the report didn't contain any errors.

8 Use the verbs in brackets in the correct forms:

1 I only (to succeed) in solving the problem after I (to work) on it for several hours.

2 I (to hear) that you (to give) up the idea of learning French.

3 The question which (to discuss) now at the conference is very important.

4 Up to now I not (to hear) anything from him.

5 Important scientific work (to carry on) by that institute.

9 Translate the following sentences into English using infinitives:

1 Сегодня слишком холодно, чтобы спать с открытым окном.

2 Он достаточно умен, чтобы понять это.

3 Он положил ключ в портфель, чтобы не потерять его.

4 Чтобы объяснить эту задачу, он начертил диаграммы на всей доске.

5 Пароход "Минск" был зафрахтован, чтобы перевезти груз леса.

10 Change the following sentences from Active to Passive. Do not change the tense:

1 The customs officer is counting the cases.

2 The manufacturers can deliver the machine at the end of the month.

3 They offered him a cup of tea.

4 I am sure that the newspapers will comment on this event.

5 You must send for them as soon as possible.

VARIANT 4

1 Translate the following text in written form using a dictionary:

Sales Promotion

Products are made and services are provided in response to consumer needs and wants. If consumers needs or want a particular product they will buy it, provided they know it is available and believe it offers some advantages over similar products. The problem is to make the consumer aware of the product and the advantages it offers. This process is known as marketing or sales promotion. There are three main types of marketing. The product or service is presented: (1) on television or radio, (2) through written sales messages, or (3) in person by sales people.

Today even small businesses are engaged in nation wide or international business activities. The size of the potential market and growing competition have called for improved marketing methods. While radio, television, and personal selling are all major sales media, selling by mail continues to be an important marketing method.

2 Answer the fоllоwing questions:

1 How many types of marketing do you know?

2 Are small businesses engaged in nation wide or international business activities?

3 What are the major sales media?

3 Match the wоrd with their questions:

PRODUCT, RESPONSE, CONSUMERS, PROVIDED

1 Under certain conditions.

2 Any thing produced as a result of work.

3 An answer, a reply.

4 People who buy goods or services.

4 Translate the following sentences into English paying special attention to the use of the modal verbs:

1 Когда он приехал в Лондон, он мог вести переговоры без переводчика.

2 Этот вопрос придется рассматривать еще раз.

3 Нам надо будет зафрахтовать еще один пароход.

4 Товары, должно быть, были упакованы очень небрежно.

5 Телеграмму не надо посылать сегодня.

5 Translate the following sentences into Russian using the gerund:

1 The storm prevented the ship from reaching the port in time.

2 Have you the means of helping him now?

3 He did not like being read to.

4 There is a probability of Petrov’s being sent to Moscow.

5 We insisted on the goods being packed in double bags.

6 Translate the following sentences into English:

1 Они решили этот вопрос до того, как мы приехали.

2 Завтра в это время мы будем подъезжать (приближаться) к Киеву,

3 Это письмо только что подписано директором.

4 Заключение соглашения комментировалось в газетах.

5 Мы уже пришли домой, когда пошел дождь.

7 Translate the following sentences into Russian and state the forms and function of participles :

1 The article on agriculture published in this magazine was written by Popov.

2 While examining the cases discharged from the ship, he noticed that some of them were broken.

3 The boy playing in the garden is my sister's son.

4 What do you call a ship built for the transportation of timber?

5 Having lived in that town all his life, he knew it very well.

8 Use the verbs in brackets in the correct forms:

1 The ship (to go) to the north when a storm (to break) out.

2 By this time next year you (to graduate) from the Institute.

3 The event (to report) by the newspapers before they arrived home.

4 They (to drive) at about forty miles an hour when the accident (to happen).

5 I am sure that his work (to complete) by the end of the month.

9 Translate the following sentences into English using infinitives:

1 Я попросил вас придти, чтобы сообщить вам об этом.

2 Я возьму такси, чтобы не опоздать на поезд.

3 Он шел медленно, чтобы не упасть.

4 Я заходил каждое утро, чтобы узнать есть ли какие-нибудь новости.

5 Мы остановились, чтобы покурить.

10 Change the following sentences from Active to Passive. Do not change the tense:

1 As the buyers had not opened a letter of credit, we could not ship the goods.

2 The sellers are to charter a ship for the transportation of the goods.

3 They gave him an invitation card to the party.

4 Everybody objected to his proposal.

5 The contract provided for the delivery of caviar at regular intervals.

VARIAN 5

1 Translate the following text in written form using a dictionary:

Securities Markets

Securities are bought and sold at^: two types of securities market: primary markets, which issue new securities, and secondary markets, where previously issued securities are bought and sold. If a company wants to sell a new issued of stock or bonds it usually negotiates with an investment bank, or underwriter, who sells the securities for it. The underwriter buys the securities from the corporation and resells then to individual investors through the secondary market.

Organized security exchanges have developed to make the buying and selling of securities easier. The securities exchanges consist of the individual investors, brokers, and intermediaries who deal in the purchase and sale of securities. Security exchanges do not buy or sell securities; they simply provide the location and services for the brokers who buy and sell.

Stock transactions are handled by a stockbroker. A stockbroker' buys and sells securities for clients. Stockbrokers act on the clients` orders. Stockbrokers receive a fee and are associated with a brokerage house. To trade on the exchange, a "seat" must be purchased. A seat is. a membership. The members represent stockbrokers.

2 Answer the following questions:

1 Where are securities bought and sold?

2 Who does a company negotiate with if it wants to issue stock?

3 What do stockbrokers receive from clients?

3 Match the words with their definitions:

CONSUMERS, IMPROVE, PRODUCTS, TO BE AWARE

1 To know about something.

2 To make better or more perfect.

3 People who buy goods or services.

4 Anything produced as a result of work.

4 Translate the following sentences into English paying special attention to the use of the modal verbs:

1 Эту работу нельзя сделать в такой короткий срок.

2 Эти документы следовало бы послать в министерство вчера.

3 Мы смогли перевести все товары в течение десяти дней.

4 Может быть, он и вернулся в Москву, но я его еще не видел.

5 Ему нужно напомнить об этом.

5 Translate the following sentences into Russian using the gerund:

1 Upon receiving the charterer's orders he communicated them to the captain of the vessel.

2 The cost of repairing the damage sustained by the steamer through being delayed in the ice is estimated at 4,000 roubles.

3 The steamer went to Odessa for certain repairs before proceeding to her port of loading

4 There is little likelihood of the goads remaining unsold after the 15th of September.

5 In the event of the steamer being ordered to three port of discharge, the rate of freight will be increased by one shilling per ton.

6 Translate the following sentences into English:

1 Она выпила чашку горячего чая перед тем, как легла спать.

2 Было холодно, так как солнце еще не взошло.

3 Этот вопрос еще не решен.

4 На эти сведения можно положиться.

5 Когда я получил эту телеграмму, я показал ее директору.

7 Translate the following sentences into Russian and state the forms and functions of participles:

1 Seeing her he raised his hat.

2 Signing the letter the manager gave it to the secretary asking her to send it off at once.

3 Informed of the arrival of the vessel, they sent their agent to the port.

4 Being told of his arrival, I went to see him.

5 Having been three times seriously wounded he was no longer fit for active service.

8 Use the verbs in brackets in the correct forms:

1 By the time he is thirty he (to become) a great musician.

2 He (to shrug) his shoulders, (to shake) his head, but (to say) nothing.

3 She (to frighten) by a loud noise in the street.

4 He very much wanted to go to the Far East as he never (to be) there.

5 The documents not (to sign) yet by the manager.

9 Translate the following sentences into English using infinitives:

1 Сегодня слишком холодно, чтобы обедать в саду.

2 Он писал диктант очень внимательно, чтобы не сделать ошибок.

3 Он лег на диван, чтобы отдохнуть немного.

4 Первая партия готова к отгрузке, но, чтобы сэкономить на фрахте, мы решили отгрузить ее вместе со второй партией.

5 Пожалуйста, пришлите нам ваши инструкции немедленно, чтобы дать нам возможность отгрузить машины к 20-му мая.