Variant № 8

1 Translate the following text in written from using a dictionary:

Product development and planning

The number of new products coming into the market of western countries every year is overwhelming. The major part of these products is not new, but adaptations. It means that these products are not new, they are existing items to which a modification has been made. Only few products are really original or innovations. For instance a clock-television is an adaptation, but TV-set itself, the refrigerator - each was an innovation. A great number of innovations and adaptations are designed, produced and marketed by small businesses. Very often a new product is formed on the basis of the new business. Sometimes there is a patent to make the business more successful. But it happens very often that market research hasn't been done carefully.

Even in case larger scale producers do more research and testing there is no sure success. A promising new product may be also robbed of success by unreasonable prices, inadequate promotion and poor selling methods. Generally less than one fifth of all new products turn out to be profitable.

2 Answer the following questions :

1. How can you explain the term adaptation?

2. Why is it so important to obtain a patent?

3. Why does the failure of a new product take place?

3 Change the following statements to questions beginning with the question words given:

1. He leaves town at daybreak and returns home late. (When)

2. Sometimes he has a good catch. (What)

3. Everybody enjoyed the new film. (Who, what)

4. Mary will be working in the library at this time tomorrow. (What, where)

5. The first line of the Moscow metro was built in 1935. (When, what)

4 Translate the following sentences into English and state their these and voice:

6. Наш багаж был осмотрен таможенниками вчера.

7. Её не было дома прошлым вечером.

8. В этом магазине тысячи людей перевозятся эскалаторами каждый день.

9. Наша бабушка будет жить с нами в будущем году?

10. Он не будет студентом в будущем году.

5 Use the verbs in brackets in the correct forms:

1. Young trees (to plant) in streets of our town last autumn.

2. When the radio (to invent)?

3. She (to watch) TV every evening.

4. They (to be) students next year.

5. They (to begin) to study at school last year.

6 Change each of the following sentences into interrogative and negative forms:

1. He answered my question well.

2. These newspapers were bought by mother yesterday.

3. This shop is visited by many customers.

4. I shall watch TV tomorrow.

5. They walked very quickly without stopping.

7 Change the following sentences from Active to Passive. Do not change the tense:

1. They told me an interesting story yesterday.

2. They will show us some new magazines.

3. They teach the children French and German.

4. My brother showed me a new dictionary.

5. The teacher explained the rule to us.

8 Translate the following sentences into Russian and state their tense and voice.

1. Thousands of people come to Moscow every day.

2. He learned many new English words last week.

3. He was invited to the theatre yesterday.

4. Books in foreign languages are sold in this shop.

5. My father came back from the office at a quarter to seven yesterday.