Variant №3

1 Translate the following text in written form using a dictionary:

Product Development and Planning

The number of new products coming into the market of western countries every year is overwhelming. The major part of these products is not new, but adaptations. It means that these products are not new, they are existing items to which a modification has been made. Only few products are really original or innovations. A great number of innovations and adaptations are designed, produced and marketed be small businesses. Very often a new product is formed on the basis of the new business more successful. But it happens very often that market research hasn’t been dome carefully.

Even in case larger scale producers do more research and testing there is no sure success. A promising new product may be also robbed of success by unreasonable prices, inadequate promotion and poor selling methods.

2 Answer the following questions:

1. How can you explain the term adaptation?

2. Why is it so important to obtain a patent?

3. Why does the failure of a new product take place?

3 Change the following statements to question beginning with the question words given:

1. He leaves town at daybreak and returns home late. (When)

2. Sometimes he has a good catch. (What)

3. Everybody enjoyed the new film. (Who, what)

4. Mary will be working in the library at this time tomorrow. (What, where)

5. The first line of the Moscow metro was built in 1935. (When, what)

4 Translate the following sentences into English and state their tense and voice:

1. Эти товары будут экспортироваться в различные страны.

2. Петя учится хорошо.

3. Ему задали много вопросов.

4. Они предложили Борису интересную работу.

5. Этот вопрос обсуждается сейчас на собрании.

5 Use the verbs in brackets in the correct forms:

1. I (to see) him last Monday.

2. We usually (to pass) exams in June.

3. Exercises (to write) in the classroom every day.

4. London (to stand) on the river Thames.

5. He (to go) to Minsk last summer.

6 Change each of the following sentences into interrogative and negative forms:

1. He answered my question well.

2. These newspapers were bought by mother yesterday.

3. This shop is visited by many customers.

4. I shall watch TV tomorrow.

5. They walked very quickly without stopping.

7 Change the following sentences from Active to Passive. Do not change the tense:

1. This mine will produce large quantities of coal this year.

2. A famous architect designed this theatre.

3. The student read the text aloud.

4. They showed us a new film.

5. I give him an English magazine.

8 Translate the following sentences into Russian and state their tense and voice:

1. What size shoes do you wear?

2. The work will be finished tomorrow.

3. This note was written with a pencil.

4. I shall go shopping after breakfast.

5. This machine is operated by electricity.

Variant №4

1 Translate the following text in written form using a dictionary:

Retailing

Retailing is selling goods and services to the ultimate consumer. Thus, the retailer is the most expensive link in the chain of distribution. Being middlemen, they make their profit by charging the customer 25 to 100 per cent more than the price they paid for the item.

The retailers operate through stores, mail-order houses, vending machine operators. There are different types of retail stores: department stores, discount houses, cooperatives, single line retailers. The major part (over 95 per cent) of retail establishments concentrate on a single line of merchandise for example, food, hardware, etc. But nowadays there is a trend for many single line stores to take on a greater variety of supplies.

The retailer performs many necessary functions. First, he may provide a convenient location. Second, he often guarantees and services the merchandise he sells. Third, the retailer helps to promote the product through displays, advertising or sales people. Fourth, the retailer can finance the customer by extending credit. Also the retailer stores the goods in his outlet by having goods available.

2 Answer the following questions:

1. What is retailing?

2. What are four different types of retail stores?

3. Which per cent of the price of the good sold goes to the retailer?

3 Change the following statements to question beginning with the question words given:

1. He often goes hiking in spring and summer. (When)

2. I sometimes give Peter my exercise-books. (What, whose)

3. I looked forward to seeing many interesting places. (Who, what)

4. They were waiting for us at that time. (Who, when)

5. This news was broadcast last night. (What, when)

4 Translate the following sentences into English and state their tense and voice:

1. Этот дом был построен в прошлом году.

2. Приятная новость была сообщена им.

3. Мэри попросила мужа купить их старшему сыну подарок ко дню рождения.

4. За ним следовала большая толпа людей.

5. Эта проблема обсуждалась на прошлом собрании.

5 Use the verbs in brackets in the correct forms:

1. Young trees (to plant) in streets of our town last autumn.

2. When the radio (to invent)?

3. She (to watch) TV every evening.

4. They (to be) students next year.

5. They (to begin) to study at school last year.

6 Change each of the following sentences into interrogative and negative forms:

1. These articles were translated form Russian into English a week ago.

2. I shall tell you about the film.

3. She usually has her vacation in summer.

4. This brown dress was bought by mother yesterday.

5. They were told a funny story.

7 Change the following sentences from Active to Passive. Do not change the tense:

1. Scientists are making wonderful discoveries.

2. The workers are unloading the streamer.

3. They laughed at him.

4. A letter followed the telegram.

5. A great number of students, attended the lecture.

8 Translate the following sentences into Russian and state their and voice:

1. The price of this hat is rather high.

2. He promised to return the magazines to me in a few days.

3. We shall go to see them next Sunday.

4. It was raining when we left home.

5. Now he is painting a new picture.