- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Unit 1.
- •Chemical reaction of combustion
- •2) Translate the following words, having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: soluble, instant, diluted, dissolved.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: fire, class a, b, c, d fires, fire gases, flame, heat, smoke, smothering.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Compare the classifications of fires in Ukraine and the usa.
- •2) Paraphrase the following word combinations using possessive case. Make up sentences using them.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Engagement and marriage
- •2) Match the following adjectives with their antonyms.
- •Unit 2.
- •Fire service ladders
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: moist, wet, damp, humid.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: straight ladder, aerial ladder, roof ladder, extension ladder.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Compare the types of ladders used in Ukraine and the usa.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with reflexive pronouns.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the word in brackets.
- •3) Translate the sentences.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Oxbridge
- •2) Recommend some ways for improving your English outside classes.
- •Unit 3.
- •Fire hoses
- •2) Translate the following words, having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: lasting, durable, permanent.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: hose, mechanical injury.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Describe the main characteristics of fire hoses.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •At the interview
- •2) Read the list of lobs and professions and sort them out in two columns: the jobs I’d like to do and the jobs I wouldn’t like to do. Give reasons why.
- •Unit 4.
- •Personal protection of firefighters
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: empty, vacant, blank.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •Write the annotation to the text.
- •Describe how firefighters protect themselves during rescue operations.
- •Describe what influence heated air, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide have on human body.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Dieting
- •2) Match the two parts of the sentences.
- •Unit 5.
- •Ventilation
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: to escape, to avoid, to elude, to evade.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Write the annotation to the text.
- •3. Prove that ventilation is necessary during rescue operations.
- •4. Describe how proper ventilation should be done.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional excercises
- •Risk sports
- •Unit 6.
- •Vehicle extrication
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: to carry, to bring, to fetch.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Write the annotation to the text.
- •3. Describe how life-threatening conditions are stabilized by firefighters.
- •4. Describe how firefighters perform vehicle extrication.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Sources of power
- •Past indefinite tense
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, іі колонка yesterday, the day before yesterday, last, ago
- •The Future Indefinite Tense
- •Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next, in
- •Continuous tenses
- •Дія як процес
- •Present continuous tense
- •Дія, що відбувається (триває) в момент мовлення або в теперішній період часу, запланована майбутня дія
- •Past continuous tense дія, яка тривала в якийсь момент чи період часу в минулому
- •Future continuous tense дія, яка триватиме в певний момент чи період часу в майбутньому
- •The past perfect tense дія, яка відбулася раніше іншої минулої дії
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, ііi колонка)
- •The future perfect tense дія, яка закінчиться до певного моменту або до початку іншої дії
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, ііi колонка)
- •Passive voice
- •Sequence of tences
- •I. Statements
- •Іі. Questions а) general
- •B) special
- •Direct and indirect speech
- •Infinitive
- •Modal verbs
- •Equivalents of modal verbs
- •Words having several functions
- •That (those)
- •To have
- •Annotation
- •Texts for listening heat transfer
- •Turntable ladders
- •Fire hose couplings
- •The rescue of occupants
- •Visible smoke conditions.
- •Engine and ladder companies
- •Synonyms
- •Business correspondence resume
- •Job application cover letter
- •45 Charlotte Street
- •16 June 2006
- •Information inquiry
- •Reply to information inquiry
- •Request for an appointment
- •Letter of apology
- •Invitation
- •Word-building suffixes nouns
- •Adjectives
- •Adverbs
- •Prefixes
- •Conversational formulas
- •Irregular verbs
- •References
2) Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the word in brackets.
Guest: I’m not going to stay in that room any ... (long). It’s … (noisy) than a train station. Last night I couldn’t sleep at all! It was … (bad) night of my life. Could you find me a … (quiet) room?
Receptionist: Well, it’s … (difficult) than it seems. We have … (practical) no vacancies. The only room I could offer is on the top floor. It’s much … (small), so it won’t be … (comfortable) as the one you’re in at the moment.
Guest: Anything is … (good) than what I went through last night! And I assume the price will be … (significant) … (low).
Receptionist: … (certain). Our top-floor rooms are … (cheap). Also, I’d be glad to offer you a complimentary meal in our restaurant tonight.
3) Translate the sentences.
1. Хто з вас наймолодший? 2. Погода сьогодні гірша, ніж учора. 3. Крим – одне з найпрекрасніших місць відпочинку. 4. Сьогодні він почуває себе набагато краще. 5. Китайська мова важча ніж англійська. 6. У морі плавати легше, ніж у річці. 7. Наше місто не таке велике як Київ, але воно таке ж гарне. 8. Автомеханічна драбина - найважча. 9. Вода – найкращий абсорбент. 10. Цей газ менш токсичний.
Exercise 18. Translate the sentences, make them interrogative and negative.
1. Water and air are becoming more and more polluted. 2. We shall be watching the operation of a new device at this time tomorrow. 3. The situation is remaining very difficult. 4. Science is becoming a leading factor in the progress of mankind. 5. Measures are being taken to liquidate the emergency. 6. Much attention is being paid at present to the development of new methods of firefighting. 7. Fire service ladders are being used to save people. 8. Firefighters were cleaning the ladders. 9. The fire was being extinguished all day yesterday. 10. The ladder is lying flat on the roof surface.
Exercise 19. Put the verb in brackets in the necessary tense and voice form.
They … a new plan yesterday. They … the new plan when we came (to discuss). 2. She … newspapers in the evening. She … the newspaper now (to read). 3. The work … well every day. The work … now and soon it will be finished (to do). 4. While he was having dinner, his car … . His car … yesterday (to clean). 5. The new equipment … tomorrow. We … the equipment all day tomorrow. We … the equipment next month (to test). 6. The work on the apparatus … now. The work on the apparatus … . The staff of the laboratory … the work on the apparatus 2 hours ago (to finish). 7. The article … at the next lesson. He … the article for 2 hours. I … the article tomorrow (to translate).
Exercise 20. Make the sentences interrogative and negative.
1. The movable parts of the ladders were lubricated last summer. 2. The ladder was wet. 3. He will clean the ladder after use. 4. This ladder is called a wall ladder. 5. Straight ladder consists of two sections. 6. Extension ladders range in length from 10 to 20 feet. 7. The ladder had folding hooks at the top end. 8. This device is being used now. 9. These ladders will be manufactured as composites of wood and aluminum. 10. The ladder has wooden rails and aluminum rungs.
Exercise 21. Put the questions to the italicized words.
1. The fire is spreading rapidly. 2. They will be treating this surface with chemicals. 3. They were using the water constantly to reduce the temperature. 4. Firefighter used solvent cleaner to remove oily residues from the ladder. 5. The extension ladder provides access to windows and roofs. 6. The material was being tested for several days. 7. This ladder is made of metal. 8. He will lubricate the movable parts of ladder. 9. He is coming back tomorrow. 10. He is going to be a firefighter.
Exercise 22. Put disjunctive questions to the sentences.
1. Ladders made of heat-treated aluminum alloy permit a reliable visual inspection of all ladder parts. 2. The firefighter wiped the ladder dry. 3. They are standing on the ladder for roof work. 4. He was not sleeping when I came in. 5. Regular and systematic inspections will help to find damaged and weakened portions of ladders. 6. I am leaving for Odessa tomorrow. 7. Your friends are not going to help you. 8. Fire service ladders are used for saving people and extinguishing fires. 9. This ladder has adequate strength. 10. They didn’t brush the dirt and dust from the ladder.
Exercise 23. Make the sentences passive.
1. At present mankind is making considerable investments to eliminate air pollution. 2. Many scientists are constantly carrying out experimental work to solve the problem of environmental protection. 3. The company was making plans for the future. 4. They will construct ladders under rigid specifications. 5. Firefighters use many tools and devices. 6. They designed the roof ladder for one specific purpose. 7. They were cleaning the ladder. 8. Straight ladders provide access to windows and roofs of one and two-storeyed buildings. 9. They found damaged portions of the ladder. 10. I saw him at the fire scene.
Exercise 24. Correct the mistakes.
1. Aluminum are good conductor of electricity. 2. They is using solvent cleaners now. 3. Aluminum become very cold in winter and noticeably hot in summer. 4. Aerial ladder were trussed to provide adequate strength. 5. He is inspect the ladder now. 6. They will standing on the ladder for roof work. 7. Extension ladders are more heavy than straight ladders. 8. He rescue two people yesterday. 9. We doesn’t use this type of ladder. 10. Metal fire service ladders are build of heat-treated alloy.