- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Unit 1.
- •Chemical reaction of combustion
- •2) Translate the following words, having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: soluble, instant, diluted, dissolved.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: fire, class a, b, c, d fires, fire gases, flame, heat, smoke, smothering.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Compare the classifications of fires in Ukraine and the usa.
- •2) Paraphrase the following word combinations using possessive case. Make up sentences using them.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Engagement and marriage
- •2) Match the following adjectives with their antonyms.
- •Unit 2.
- •Fire service ladders
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: moist, wet, damp, humid.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: straight ladder, aerial ladder, roof ladder, extension ladder.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Compare the types of ladders used in Ukraine and the usa.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with reflexive pronouns.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the word in brackets.
- •3) Translate the sentences.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Oxbridge
- •2) Recommend some ways for improving your English outside classes.
- •Unit 3.
- •Fire hoses
- •2) Translate the following words, having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: lasting, durable, permanent.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: hose, mechanical injury.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Describe the main characteristics of fire hoses.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •At the interview
- •2) Read the list of lobs and professions and sort them out in two columns: the jobs I’d like to do and the jobs I wouldn’t like to do. Give reasons why.
- •Unit 4.
- •Personal protection of firefighters
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: empty, vacant, blank.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •Write the annotation to the text.
- •Describe how firefighters protect themselves during rescue operations.
- •Describe what influence heated air, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide have on human body.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Dieting
- •2) Match the two parts of the sentences.
- •Unit 5.
- •Ventilation
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: to escape, to avoid, to elude, to evade.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Write the annotation to the text.
- •3. Prove that ventilation is necessary during rescue operations.
- •4. Describe how proper ventilation should be done.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional excercises
- •Risk sports
- •Unit 6.
- •Vehicle extrication
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: to carry, to bring, to fetch.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Write the annotation to the text.
- •3. Describe how life-threatening conditions are stabilized by firefighters.
- •4. Describe how firefighters perform vehicle extrication.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Sources of power
- •Past indefinite tense
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, іі колонка yesterday, the day before yesterday, last, ago
- •The Future Indefinite Tense
- •Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next, in
- •Continuous tenses
- •Дія як процес
- •Present continuous tense
- •Дія, що відбувається (триває) в момент мовлення або в теперішній період часу, запланована майбутня дія
- •Past continuous tense дія, яка тривала в якийсь момент чи період часу в минулому
- •Future continuous tense дія, яка триватиме в певний момент чи період часу в майбутньому
- •The past perfect tense дія, яка відбулася раніше іншої минулої дії
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, ііi колонка)
- •The future perfect tense дія, яка закінчиться до певного моменту або до початку іншої дії
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, ііi колонка)
- •Passive voice
- •Sequence of tences
- •I. Statements
- •Іі. Questions а) general
- •B) special
- •Direct and indirect speech
- •Infinitive
- •Modal verbs
- •Equivalents of modal verbs
- •Words having several functions
- •That (those)
- •To have
- •Annotation
- •Texts for listening heat transfer
- •Turntable ladders
- •Fire hose couplings
- •The rescue of occupants
- •Visible smoke conditions.
- •Engine and ladder companies
- •Synonyms
- •Business correspondence resume
- •Job application cover letter
- •45 Charlotte Street
- •16 June 2006
- •Information inquiry
- •Reply to information inquiry
- •Request for an appointment
- •Letter of apology
- •Invitation
- •Word-building suffixes nouns
- •Adjectives
- •Adverbs
- •Prefixes
- •Conversational formulas
- •Irregular verbs
- •References
2) Translate the following words having the same root.
To use, usage, useful, used, unused, usefully, using, user, useless, usable, unusable, uselessly.
Exercise 6. Give the English equivalents for the following word combinations. Make up sentences using them.
Використовувати багато інструментів та пристроїв; виконувати функції; рятувати життя; гасити пожежу; подібний по формі та дизайну; згідно з жорсткими технічними характеристиками; мати мету; складатися з однієї секції; штурмова драбина; висувна драбина; автомеханічна драбина; забезпечувати швидкий доступ; максимальна міцність; мінімальна вага; бути роздвижним; особовий склад; бути зробленим з металу; поверхня даху; сплав алюмінію; обробляти теплом; проводити електрику; надійна перевірка; провідні якості; користуватися перевагами; дерев’яні поручні; стійкість до електрики; алюмінієві перекладини; після кожного використання; видаляти бруд; залишки мастила; змащувати рухливі частини; водостійка змазка; пошкоджені та ослаблені частини.
Exercise 7. Answer the questions.
1. In the performance of what functions are fire service ladders essential? 2. What will determine which type of ladder is to be used? 3. What is a straight ladder used for? 4. How many sections does a straight ladder consist of? 5. What is an aerial ladder? 6. What are aerial ladders constructed of? 7. What is the length of an aerial ladder? 8. What is a roof ladder designed for? 9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of aluminum ladders? 10. How should the ladders be cleaned?
Exercise 8. 1) Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the synonyms: quick, rapid, fast, swift, prompt, ready.
1. The girl has a ready answer to any question. 2. He has a ready pen. 3. My friend is always prompt to criticize other people’s ideas. 4. We promise you rapid results. 5. The patient made a rapid recovery. 6. She drives fast. 7. I need a swift reply on my letter. 8. The clock is fast. 9. Swift response is necessary to put the fire out. 10. She is quick at learning.
2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: moist, wet, damp, humid.
1. I can’t wear these socks, they’re … . 2. It was hot and … in the jungle. 3. My hair’s still … . 4. It is necessary to plant flowers in the rich … earth. 5. Occupants of the building complain of … walls. 6. The climate is … there. 7. His forehead was … with perspiration. 8. Be careful, the paint is still … .
3) Group antonyms in pairs.
Maximum, bad, strength, to permit, adjustable, top, adequate, worst, light, reliable, wet, hotter, minimum, to forbid, regular, long, unnecessary, inadequate, nonadjustable, more, bottom, good, unreliable, advantage, short, weakness, best, dry, irregular, colder, disadvantage, less, necessary, heavy.
Exercise 9. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the word “to treat”.
1. The firm has always treated its workers well. 2. She treats us like children. 3. This delicate glass must be treated with care. 4. The newspapers treated the story in a sensational way. 5. He treated my request unfairly. 6. Your employer will treat your suggestions as a joke. 7. My sister is being treated for a heart condition. 8. Put your money away, let me treat you. 9. I’m going to treat myself to a holiday in the Seychelles next year. 10. This car is being specially treated against rust.
Exercise 10. Make word combinations with the word “ladder”.
Exercise 11. Fill in the gaps.
Fire service ladders perform two main … . They are used to save lives … extinguish fires. They are similar in … , design, purpose with other ladders. But … ladders must be constructed under rigid … . Ladders can be made of wood, … , plastic. After every use ladders should … cleaned. To remove oily and greasy … one must use solvent cleaners. Movable … should be lubricated at least every … months with waterproof grease. Firefighters should … for damaged or weakened parts of … ladder during each cleaning period.
Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences.
1. Пожежники використовують багато пристроїв та інструментів. 2. Пожежні драбини виконують різні функції. 3. Висувна драбина складається з двох або більше секцій. 4. Драбини виготовляються з дерева, металу, пластмаси. 5. Рухомі частини драбини змащуються кожні 6 місяців. 6. При очищенні драбини пожежники шукали пошкоджені та ослаблені частини. 7. Розчинні очищувачі використовуються для видалення залишків масла. 8. Пожежники зараз видаляють бруд з драбини щіточками та водою. 9. Одноколінна драбина використовувалася для швидкого доступу до вікон та даху двоповерхових будівель. 10. Пожежники повинні чистити драбини після кожного використання.
Exercise 13. 1. Single out the main questions that are dealt with in the text.