- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Unit 1.
- •Chemical reaction of combustion
- •2) Translate the following words, having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: soluble, instant, diluted, dissolved.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: fire, class a, b, c, d fires, fire gases, flame, heat, smoke, smothering.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Compare the classifications of fires in Ukraine and the usa.
- •2) Paraphrase the following word combinations using possessive case. Make up sentences using them.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Engagement and marriage
- •2) Match the following adjectives with their antonyms.
- •Unit 2.
- •Fire service ladders
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: moist, wet, damp, humid.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: straight ladder, aerial ladder, roof ladder, extension ladder.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Compare the types of ladders used in Ukraine and the usa.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with reflexive pronouns.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the word in brackets.
- •3) Translate the sentences.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Oxbridge
- •2) Recommend some ways for improving your English outside classes.
- •Unit 3.
- •Fire hoses
- •2) Translate the following words, having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: lasting, durable, permanent.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: hose, mechanical injury.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Describe the main characteristics of fire hoses.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •At the interview
- •2) Read the list of lobs and professions and sort them out in two columns: the jobs I’d like to do and the jobs I wouldn’t like to do. Give reasons why.
- •Unit 4.
- •Personal protection of firefighters
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: empty, vacant, blank.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •Write the annotation to the text.
- •Describe how firefighters protect themselves during rescue operations.
- •Describe what influence heated air, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide have on human body.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Dieting
- •2) Match the two parts of the sentences.
- •Unit 5.
- •Ventilation
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: to escape, to avoid, to elude, to evade.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Write the annotation to the text.
- •3. Prove that ventilation is necessary during rescue operations.
- •4. Describe how proper ventilation should be done.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional excercises
- •Risk sports
- •Unit 6.
- •Vehicle extrication
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: to carry, to bring, to fetch.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Write the annotation to the text.
- •3. Describe how life-threatening conditions are stabilized by firefighters.
- •4. Describe how firefighters perform vehicle extrication.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Sources of power
- •Past indefinite tense
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, іі колонка yesterday, the day before yesterday, last, ago
- •The Future Indefinite Tense
- •Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next, in
- •Continuous tenses
- •Дія як процес
- •Present continuous tense
- •Дія, що відбувається (триває) в момент мовлення або в теперішній період часу, запланована майбутня дія
- •Past continuous tense дія, яка тривала в якийсь момент чи період часу в минулому
- •Future continuous tense дія, яка триватиме в певний момент чи період часу в майбутньому
- •The past perfect tense дія, яка відбулася раніше іншої минулої дії
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, ііi колонка)
- •The future perfect tense дія, яка закінчиться до певного моменту або до початку іншої дії
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, ііi колонка)
- •Passive voice
- •Sequence of tences
- •I. Statements
- •Іі. Questions а) general
- •B) special
- •Direct and indirect speech
- •Infinitive
- •Modal verbs
- •Equivalents of modal verbs
- •Words having several functions
- •That (those)
- •To have
- •Annotation
- •Texts for listening heat transfer
- •Turntable ladders
- •Fire hose couplings
- •The rescue of occupants
- •Visible smoke conditions.
- •Engine and ladder companies
- •Synonyms
- •Business correspondence resume
- •Job application cover letter
- •45 Charlotte Street
- •16 June 2006
- •Information inquiry
- •Reply to information inquiry
- •Request for an appointment
- •Letter of apology
- •Invitation
- •Word-building suffixes nouns
- •Adjectives
- •Adverbs
- •Prefixes
- •Conversational formulas
- •Irregular verbs
- •References
Direct and indirect speech
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
this that
these those
now then
here there
today that day
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the next day
the day before yesterday two days before
the day after tomorrow two days later
ago before
next the next, the following
last the previous, before
Infinitive
FORMS |
ACTIVE |
PASSIVE |
Indefinite |
to write to come |
to be written
|
Continuous |
to be writing to be coming |
- |
Perfect |
to have written to have come |
to have been written
|
Perfect Continuous |
to have been writing to have been coming |
- |
Modal verbs
Can – фізична, розумова здатність, можливість виконати дію, уміння.
May – дозвіл, припущення.
Must - необхідність або обов’язок; припущення, що межує з упевненістю.
Should – порада, рекомендація.
To be to – обов’язок, що випливає з попередньої домовленості, графіку, плану, розкладу (тільки у Present та Past Indefinite).
To have to – необхідність, обов’язок, зумовлена обставинами.
Ствердження |
Заперечення |
Запитання |
||||
I, we, you, they, he, it, she |
can do it.
must do it.
should do it.
may do it.
|
I, we you, they, he, it, she |
cannot (can’t) do it. must not (mustn’t) or need not (needn’t) do it. should not (shouldn’t) do it. May not (mayn’t) do it. |
Can
Must
Should
May |
I, we you, they, he, it, she |
do it?
|
Equivalents of modal verbs
Tense |
Must – to have to |
Can – to be able to |
May – to be allowed to |
|||
Present |
must |
have to has to |
can |
am is able to are |
may |
am is allowed to are |
Past |
- |
had to |
could |
was were able to |
might
|
was were allowed to |
Future |
- |
will have to |
- |
will be able to |
- |
will be allowed to |
Words having several functions
ONE
1. Числівник:
I will buy one of these books.
2. Неозначений займенник:
When one talks over the phone, don’t ask him questions.
3. Слово-замінник:
This flat is cheaper than that one.
IT
1. Особовий займенник:
I took the book and began to read it.
2. Формальний підмет у безособових реченнях:
It is windy today.
3. Формальний додаток:
He found it difficult to translate the text.
4. Вставне слово у реченнях з емфатичним зворотом:
It was he who helped me.
5. Вказівний займенник:
What is it? It is a lamp.