- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Unit 1.
- •Chemical reaction of combustion
- •2) Translate the following words, having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: soluble, instant, diluted, dissolved.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: fire, class a, b, c, d fires, fire gases, flame, heat, smoke, smothering.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Compare the classifications of fires in Ukraine and the usa.
- •2) Paraphrase the following word combinations using possessive case. Make up sentences using them.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Engagement and marriage
- •2) Match the following adjectives with their antonyms.
- •Unit 2.
- •Fire service ladders
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: moist, wet, damp, humid.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: straight ladder, aerial ladder, roof ladder, extension ladder.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Compare the types of ladders used in Ukraine and the usa.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with reflexive pronouns.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the word in brackets.
- •3) Translate the sentences.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Oxbridge
- •2) Recommend some ways for improving your English outside classes.
- •Unit 3.
- •Fire hoses
- •2) Translate the following words, having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: lasting, durable, permanent.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: hose, mechanical injury.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Describe the main characteristics of fire hoses.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •At the interview
- •2) Read the list of lobs and professions and sort them out in two columns: the jobs I’d like to do and the jobs I wouldn’t like to do. Give reasons why.
- •Unit 4.
- •Personal protection of firefighters
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: empty, vacant, blank.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •Write the annotation to the text.
- •Describe how firefighters protect themselves during rescue operations.
- •Describe what influence heated air, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide have on human body.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Dieting
- •2) Match the two parts of the sentences.
- •Unit 5.
- •Ventilation
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: to escape, to avoid, to elude, to evade.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Write the annotation to the text.
- •3. Prove that ventilation is necessary during rescue operations.
- •4. Describe how proper ventilation should be done.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional excercises
- •Risk sports
- •Unit 6.
- •Vehicle extrication
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: to carry, to bring, to fetch.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Write the annotation to the text.
- •3. Describe how life-threatening conditions are stabilized by firefighters.
- •4. Describe how firefighters perform vehicle extrication.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Sources of power
- •Past indefinite tense
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, іі колонка yesterday, the day before yesterday, last, ago
- •The Future Indefinite Tense
- •Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next, in
- •Continuous tenses
- •Дія як процес
- •Present continuous tense
- •Дія, що відбувається (триває) в момент мовлення або в теперішній період часу, запланована майбутня дія
- •Past continuous tense дія, яка тривала в якийсь момент чи період часу в минулому
- •Future continuous tense дія, яка триватиме в певний момент чи період часу в майбутньому
- •The past perfect tense дія, яка відбулася раніше іншої минулої дії
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, ііi колонка)
- •The future perfect tense дія, яка закінчиться до певного моменту або до початку іншої дії
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, ііi колонка)
- •Passive voice
- •Sequence of tences
- •I. Statements
- •Іі. Questions а) general
- •B) special
- •Direct and indirect speech
- •Infinitive
- •Modal verbs
- •Equivalents of modal verbs
- •Words having several functions
- •That (those)
- •To have
- •Annotation
- •Texts for listening heat transfer
- •Turntable ladders
- •Fire hose couplings
- •The rescue of occupants
- •Visible smoke conditions.
- •Engine and ladder companies
- •Synonyms
- •Business correspondence resume
- •Job application cover letter
- •45 Charlotte Street
- •16 June 2006
- •Information inquiry
- •Reply to information inquiry
- •Request for an appointment
- •Letter of apology
- •Invitation
- •Word-building suffixes nouns
- •Adjectives
- •Adverbs
- •Prefixes
- •Conversational formulas
- •Irregular verbs
- •References
2) Translate the following words having the same root.
Heat, heater, to heat, heated, unheated, heating, overheated, superheated, heatproof.
Exercise 6. Give the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations. Make up sentences using them.
Основні завдання; досягти місця пожежі; якнайшвидше; застосовувати вогнегасні речовини; пошкодження від води, тепла, вогню; вивільнення нагрітого повітря; видалення диму та токсичних газів; подача свіжого повітря; обмежений простір; отримувати певні переваги; спрощувати та пришвидшувати процес рятування; піддавати жителів небезпеці; постраждалі, які втратили свідомість; визначати місце пожежі; визначити шляхи поширення вогню; вживати заходів; зменшувати перешкоди; заважати пожежникам; покращувати видимість; надмірне тепло; достатня кількість тепла; належна вентиляція будівлі; температура запалення; бути в наявності; підтримувати процес горіння; раптове запалення; потоки повітря; в напрямку отвору; верхня частина будівлі; робити отвір; додаткові пошкодження; зворотна тяга; усвідомлювати; накопичення тепла; забезпечити вентиляцію; атмосфера, позбавлена кисню; поширюватися горизонтально.
Exercise 7. Answer the questions.
1. What are the main objectives of a firefighting force? 2. What is ventilation applied to firefighting? 3. What advantages may be obtained from the application of ventilation? 4. What happens to combustible materials when sufficient heat is confined in the area? 5. What is back draft? 6. What are the situations which create back draft? 7. What can be done to prevent back draft? 8. In what direction will heat, smoke and fire gases travel? 9. Does proper ventilation of a building reduce the possibility of mushrooming? 10. What happens when an opening is made in the upper portion of the building?
Exercise 8. 1) Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the synonyms: purpose, aim, objective, goal, intention.
1. Her goal is a place at the University. 2. What is your aim in life? 3. He’s full of good intentions, but can’t really do anything to help. 4. The company has achieved all its goals this year. 5. Our objective is to achieve full employment. 6. What was the purpose of her visit? 7. The aim of the meeting was to reach agreement about next year’s prices. 8. Did you do it on purpose? 9. Did you come here to see your parents or for business purposes? 10. She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasn’t my intention to hurt her.
2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: to escape, to avoid, to elude, to evade.
1. They managed to … from the burning building by breaking down the door. 2. The fox … the hunters by running in the opposite direction. 3. She … her pursuers by hiding in a cave. 4. Turn right here to … the city center. 5. He is trying to … from reality by taking drugs. 6. If you try to … paying your taxes you risk going into prison. 7. He was a master in … his creditors. 8. By changing our route we … an accident.
3) Group antonyms in pairs.
Major, definite, warmer, available, necessary, possibility, less, to permit, improper, unable, insufficient, aware, to shut, to simplify, minor, quickly, conscious, comfort, suitable, hazardous, top, more, to open, upward, unaware, to forbid, sufficient, unavailable, able, slowly, unnecessary, downward, impossibility, back, minimum, maximum, indefinite, unsuitable, cooler, to complicate, safe, unconscious, front, bottom, proper, discomfort.
Exercise 9. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the word “air”. Name parts of the speech.
1. There was a smell of burning leaves in the air. 2. Leave the clothes out to air. 3. It’s quicker by air than by sea. 4. There was an air of excitement at the meeting. 5. He explained the procedure with the weary air of a man who had explained it many times before. 6. We aired the room by opening the windows. 7. We will be on air in five minutes. 8. He jumped into the air. 9. We may be going skiing at Christmas, but it’s still in the air. 10. The television interview with the President will be aired in the evening.
Exercise 10. Make word combinations with the word “ventilation”.
Exercise 11. Fill in the gaps.
The main tasks of firefighters are … rescue victims and to extinguish fires. … helps to fulfill these objectives. It … a systematic and planned release and … of heated air, smoke and toxic … . Smoke and fire gases endanger trapped … . Proper ventilation simplifies and expedites the … of victims. The removal of smoke, … and heat permits to locate the … rapidly and extinguish it. Confinement and … buildup of heated gases in an … being depleted of oxygen create a … draft. Top ventilation must be provided … prevent this critical situation. Ventilation reduces … possibility of mushrooming.
Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences.
1. Наша основна мета була загасити пожежу з мінімальними пошкодженнями від води, диму та тепла. 2. Належна вентиляція зробить умови безпечнішими для вогнеборців. 3. Він сказав, що вентиляція зменшує перешкоди, які заважають пожежникам. 4. Двері потрібно відкривати повільно і обережно. 5. Він спитав, чи досягли вже вогнеборці місця пожежі. 6. Пожежники вже визначили напрямок поширення вогню. 7. У будинку накопичується дим та пожежні гази. 8. Дим поширився горизонтально, чи не так? 9. У верхній частині будинку буде зроблено отвір. 10. Потрібно було застосувати відповідні вогнегасні речовини.
Exercise 13. 1. Give definitions of the terms “ventilation”, “back draft”.