- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Unit 1.
- •Chemical reaction of combustion
- •2) Translate the following words, having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: soluble, instant, diluted, dissolved.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: fire, class a, b, c, d fires, fire gases, flame, heat, smoke, smothering.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Compare the classifications of fires in Ukraine and the usa.
- •2) Paraphrase the following word combinations using possessive case. Make up sentences using them.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Engagement and marriage
- •2) Match the following adjectives with their antonyms.
- •Unit 2.
- •Fire service ladders
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: moist, wet, damp, humid.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: straight ladder, aerial ladder, roof ladder, extension ladder.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Compare the types of ladders used in Ukraine and the usa.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with reflexive pronouns.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the word in brackets.
- •3) Translate the sentences.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Oxbridge
- •2) Recommend some ways for improving your English outside classes.
- •Unit 3.
- •Fire hoses
- •2) Translate the following words, having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: lasting, durable, permanent.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: hose, mechanical injury.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Describe the main characteristics of fire hoses.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •At the interview
- •2) Read the list of lobs and professions and sort them out in two columns: the jobs I’d like to do and the jobs I wouldn’t like to do. Give reasons why.
- •Unit 4.
- •Personal protection of firefighters
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: empty, vacant, blank.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •Write the annotation to the text.
- •Describe how firefighters protect themselves during rescue operations.
- •Describe what influence heated air, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide have on human body.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Dieting
- •2) Match the two parts of the sentences.
- •Unit 5.
- •Ventilation
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: to escape, to avoid, to elude, to evade.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Write the annotation to the text.
- •3. Prove that ventilation is necessary during rescue operations.
- •4. Describe how proper ventilation should be done.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional excercises
- •Risk sports
- •Unit 6.
- •Vehicle extrication
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: to carry, to bring, to fetch.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Write the annotation to the text.
- •3. Describe how life-threatening conditions are stabilized by firefighters.
- •4. Describe how firefighters perform vehicle extrication.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Sources of power
- •Past indefinite tense
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, іі колонка yesterday, the day before yesterday, last, ago
- •The Future Indefinite Tense
- •Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next, in
- •Continuous tenses
- •Дія як процес
- •Present continuous tense
- •Дія, що відбувається (триває) в момент мовлення або в теперішній період часу, запланована майбутня дія
- •Past continuous tense дія, яка тривала в якийсь момент чи період часу в минулому
- •Future continuous tense дія, яка триватиме в певний момент чи період часу в майбутньому
- •The past perfect tense дія, яка відбулася раніше іншої минулої дії
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, ііi колонка)
- •The future perfect tense дія, яка закінчиться до певного моменту або до початку іншої дії
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, ііi колонка)
- •Passive voice
- •Sequence of tences
- •I. Statements
- •Іі. Questions а) general
- •B) special
- •Direct and indirect speech
- •Infinitive
- •Modal verbs
- •Equivalents of modal verbs
- •Words having several functions
- •That (those)
- •To have
- •Annotation
- •Texts for listening heat transfer
- •Turntable ladders
- •Fire hose couplings
- •The rescue of occupants
- •Visible smoke conditions.
- •Engine and ladder companies
- •Synonyms
- •Business correspondence resume
- •Job application cover letter
- •45 Charlotte Street
- •16 June 2006
- •Information inquiry
- •Reply to information inquiry
- •Request for an appointment
- •Letter of apology
- •Invitation
- •Word-building suffixes nouns
- •Adjectives
- •Adverbs
- •Prefixes
- •Conversational formulas
- •Irregular verbs
- •References
2) Translate the following words having the same root.
To protect, protection, protective, protector, protected, unprotected, protectless, protecting, protectorship, protectress.
Exercise 6. Give the English equivalents for the following word combinations. Make up sentences using them.
Протягом рятувальної операції; особистий захист; захист від надмірного тепла; пожежний одяг; гумові чоботи; колоті рани; стальні підошви; вразливий до пошкоджень; дихальне обладнання; легені та дихальні шляхи; зробити недієздатним; позбавляти тканини кисню; чадний газ; нагріте повітря; спричинити пониження тиску; зупинка серця; накопичення рідини; блокувати дихальну систему; органічні матеріали, що містять сірку; сульфід водню; кровоносна система; надзвичайно отруйний; часте серцебиття; забезпечити безпечну рятувальну операцію; працювати у парах; оцінити умови; визначити план дій; надзвичайно небезпечні умови; прив’язувати рятівну мотузку.
Exercise 7. Answer the questions.
1. What is necessary during a rescue operation? 2. What does a firefighter need protection against? 3. What firefighting clothing do you know? 4. What body areas are the most vulnerable to injury? 5. Why do firefighters pay special attention to protective breathing equipment? 6. Why is carbon monoxide dangerous? 7. What does incomplete combustion of organic materials containing sulfur produce? 8. How does hydrogen sulfide affect the human body? 9. What can exposure to heated air cause? 10. What procedures help to assure a swift and safe rescue operation?
Exercise 8. 1) Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the synonyms: to save, to rescue, to liberate, to free, to release.
1. The new government has liberated all political prisoners. 2. She can’t free herself from the idea that someone is watching her all the time. 3. It was the final attempt to rescue the bank from bankruptcy. 4. They hoped to save their marriage by having another baby. 5. The hijackers released three of the hostages. 6. He rescued the man from drowning. 7. He opened the window to free the room from smoke. 8. The surgeons fought to save his life. 9. We are saving for a new car. 10. He rescued his stamp collection from the burning house. 11. You can save fuel if you drive at a regular speed. 12. She tried to free her dress from the thorns of the rose bush. 13. He saved his strength for the end of the race. 14. He released his hold on her arm. 15. She freed the bird from the cave.
2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: empty, vacant, blank.
1. Write your name in the … space at the top of the page. 2. There are three … houses in our street. 3. Is this seat … ? 4. Your glass is … . 5. There’s a … place over there where we can park. 6. If you press this key the screen will go … .
3) Group antonyms in pairs.
To start, to locate, rich, probability, to enter, to connect, with, exterior, more, to close, previous, to exit, hazardous, always, visible, to stop, interior, never, invisible, to dislocate, next, less, to open, poor, improbability, to disconnect, without, safe.
Exercise 9. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words “to fail” and “failure”.
a) 1. I tried to fix it but I failed. 2. His secretary failed to tell him about the meeting. 3. Why did you fail your driving test? 4. I fail to see why you find it so amusing. 5. When the price of oil doubled many businesses failed. 6. Her friends failed her when she most needed them. 7. At the last moment his courage failed him and he ran away. 8. When I think of all this, words fail me. 9. In the failing light I could hardly see the road in front of me. 10. His health is failing fast.
b) 1. His plans ended in failure. 2. As a writer he was a complete failure. 3. She had many failures before finding the right method. 4. The party was a dismal failure. 5. The drought caused crop failure. 6. She died of a heart failure. 7. Failure to use protective breathing equipment may cause a rescue failure. 8. At relatively low fire temperatures steel elongates significantly, but cooling does not cause failure of the steel.
Exercise 10. Make word combinations with the word “protection”.
Exercise 11. Fill in the gaps.
Special attention is paid to protective … equipment during rescue operations by firefighters. … most vulnerable parts of the body … lungs and respiratory tract. Incomplete combustion … ordinary combustible materials produces a dangerous … - carbon monoxide, which depletes the body … oxygen. Incomplete combustion of organic materials … contain sulfur produces hydrogen sulfide, a … gas that influences the nervous system. … air can also damage the respiratory … . Excessive heat can cause decreased blood … and failure of circulatory system. Certain … make the rescue operations safe and … . If it is possible, firefighters should … in pairs. They must wear proper … to protect the body surface from … and flame. In the dark or … extremely dangerous situations they rope guide … to their bodies.
Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences.
1. Особистий захист протягом рятувальних операцій необхідний для пожежників. 2. Пожежники використовують захисний одяг: каску, гумові чоботи, пожежний костюм, рукавиці. 3. Пожежникам необхідний захист від погоди, надмірного тепла, пожежних газів. 4. Пожежники одягають гумові чоботи зі стальними підошвами, щоб захистити ступні від колотих ран. 5. Легені та дихальні шляхи більш вразливі. 6. Не можна заходити у будівлю наповнену димом та пожежними газами без автономного дихального обладнання. 7. Чадний газ позбавляє тіло кисню, що призводить до асфіксації. 8. Сульфід водню – дуже отруйний газ, який спричиняє прискорене серцебиття та параліч дихальної системи. 9. Надмірне тепло призводить до пониження кров’яного тиску та збоїв у роботі кровоносної системи. 10. Існують певні процедури, які допомагають забезпечити швидкі та безпечні дії протягом рятувальної операції.
Exercise 13. 1. Single out the main questions that are dealt with in the text.