2) Read the list of lobs and professions and sort them out in two columns: the jobs I’d like to do and the jobs I wouldn’t like to do. Give reasons why.

Geologist, computer operator, fire inspector, tourist guide, journalist, gardener, actor, waiter, bank manager, shop assistant, singer, businessman, bodyguard, driver, cook, teacher, doctor, policeman, sportsman, writer, engineer, lawyer, psychologist, barber, mechanic, accountant, electrician, carpenter, politician, postman, veterinarian, scientist, editor, stylist, agronomist, pilot, realtor, miner, sailor, trainer, designer, baby-sitter, receptionist, architect, surgeon, dentist.

Exercise 35. Match phrases 1 – 10 with their definitions a –j.

1) to apply 6) temporary job

2) starting salary 7) qualifications

3) resume 8) working conditions

4) permanent job 9) experience

5) to interview 10) part-time job

a) a job which will end on a specific day;

b) training or exams needed for a job;

c) working less than the normal working week;

d) to ask questions to find out if someone is right for a job;

e) a job which you can expect to do for a long time;

f) the amount of money you are paid when you start working;

g) knowledge you get from doing a job for a long time;

h) situation in which you work;

i) to ask for a job in writing;

j) a short history of your education and where you have worked so far.

Exercise 36. Speak on the following questions.

1. What professions in your opinion are considered more or less prestigious nowadays? Why?

2. What or who influenced your decision to enter the Academy?

3. What qualifications (knowledge, skills) are necessary for your future profession?

4. What will be the most important thing for you in your future job? Why? (Good money, regular work hours, regular promotions, much contact with people, risk and danger, an ideal combination of a job and a hobby, prestige).

5. Is having a good job more important for you than having a family?

Exercise 37. Write job application.

Unit 4.

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

Personal protection of firefighters

Personal protection during a rescue operation is absolutely necessary for firefighters. A firefighter needs protection against the weather, excessive heat, and fire gases. Firefighting clothing such as helmet, fire suit, gloves, and rubber boots will provide fair body protection. Boots have steel insoles to protect the feet from puncture wounds. Face and eye shields are sometimes necessary during some rescue operations, for these vital areas are also vulnerable to injury.

Firefighters pay special attention to protective breathing equipment. The lungs and respiratory tract are probably more vulnerable to injury than any other body area, and the gases in connection with fires are dangerous in one way or another. Firefighters are not permitted to enter a building which is charged with smoke and gas unless they are equipped with self-contained breathing equipment. Failure to use this equipment may not only cause a rescue failure, but also may incapacitate the rescuer.

Incomplete combustion of ordinary combustible materials such as wood, textiles, and paper produces carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a dangerous gas since it depletes the body of oxygen and asphyxiation can eventually result. Incomplete combustion of organic materials containing sulfur such as rubber, wool, meat, silk, produces hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide exposure for a short period will act as an irritant and asphyxiant. This gas is extremely poisonous and affects the nervous system, simultaneously causing rapid breathing rate followed by respiratory paralysis. Respiration will frequently fail before heart action ceases.

Exposure to heated air can also cause damage to respiratory tract. Firefighters should not enter an atmosphere exceeding 120 degrees F to 130 degrees F (48.9 degrees C to 54.4 degrees C) without protective breathing apparatus. Excessive heat that is conducted to the lungs quickly enough can cause a serious decreased blood pressure and failure of the circulatory system. Exposure to heated air can cause the respiratory system to become blocked due to fluid accumulation.

At the fire scene firefighters must first consider their own protection. Before entering the burning building they must size-up. To size-up or estimate the existing conditions means: to learn the facts of the situation, to understand the probabilities; to know your own situation (manpower, equipment); to determine plan of action. There are certain procedures that help to assure a swift and safe rescue operation. Wearing of proper clothing and using of self-contained protective breathing equipment is a regulation. If it is possible firefighters should work in pairs. Sometimes rope guide lines are tied to rescuers’ bodies when an operation is performed in the dark or under extremely hazardous situations.

Exercise 2. Read the definitions of the words. Translate and memorize them.

• to affect – to cause some result or change; influence;

• to assure – 1) to tell someone something positively in order to dispel potential doubts; 2) make something certain to happen;

• boot – a sturdy item of footwear covering the foot, ankle and the lower leg;

• to cease – to stop;

• to charge – 1) to demand as a price for service rendered or goods supplied; 2) to accuse someone of something; 3) to entrust with a task; 4) to store electrical energy in a battery; 5) to load or fill to the full or proper extent;

• circulation – 1) the flow of gas or liquid around the closed system; 2) movement of something from person to person, from place to place (money, news); 3) an average number of copies of a newspaper, magazine, that are regularly sold;

• to connect – 1) to join, unite; 2) to join by telephone;

• to deplete – reduce the number or quantity of something;

• to determine – 1) to form a firm intention or decision; 2) to fix or find out exactly, by making calculations, collecting information;

• to estimate – 1) to form an opinion about; 2) to calculate in value, size, amount;

• to fail – 1) not to do what is expected, wanted or needed; 2) to be unsuccessful in (a test or exam); 3) to be unable; 4) to stop operating properly; 5) to disappoint or leave at a difficult time; 6) to lose strength, to become weak;

failure – 1) lack of success; 2) a person, attempt or thing that fails; 3) the non-performance or non-production of something; 4) inability of a business to continue, especially through lack of money;

• fluid – 1) liquid; 2) having the quality of flowing, not solid;

• to follow – 1) to come, arrive, go, leave after, move behind in the same direction; 2) to happen or take place directly after; 3) to go after in order to catch; 4) to keep in sight, watch;

• glove – a covering for the hand having separate parts for each finger;

• helmet – hard protective hat;

• to incapacitate – to make someone unable to do something;

• insole – 1) a removable sole worn in a shoe for warmth or to improve the fit; 2) the fixed inner sole of a boot or shoe;

• to irritate – 1) to make angry or impatient; 2) to make painful and sore;

• knee – the middle joint of the leg, where it bends;

• to locate – 1) to find the position of; 2) to fix or set in a certain place;

• lungs – two breathing organs in the chest of humans and some animals;

• to protect – to keep safe from harm or injury;

• rate – 1) measure, quantity or frequency; 2) the speed with which something moves, happens or changes; 3) fixed price paid or charged for something;

• regulation – an official rule or order;

• to rescue – to save from a dangerous or distressing situation;

• to search – to look at, trough, into, examine carefully and thoroughly in order to find something;

• self-contained – 1) complete, or having all that is needed, in itself; 2) not depending on or influenced by others;

• shield – a broad piece of metal, wood or strong plastic that is carried as a protection against being hit;

• simultaneous – happening or done exactly at the same time;

• to spread – 1) to cover a large area or period of time; 2) to open, reach, stretch out, so as to cover or include a greater area, be longer, wider, broader;

• sulfur – chemical element, a combustible non-metal which typically occurs as yellow crystals;

• vulnerable – exposed to being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally;

• wool – the soft thick hair which sheep and some goats have on their bodies, cloth made from it;

• wound – an injury to living tissue caused by a cut, blow, or other impact.

Exercise 3. Translate the following words and word combinations without a dictionary.

Personal, operation, absolutely, apparatus, gases, procedure, special, respiratory tract, ordinary, organic material, textiles, to produce, carbon monoxide, oxygen, asphyxiation, to result, atmosphere, serious, circulatory system, to block, accumulation, hydrogen sulfide, silk, sulfur, period, to act, extremely, nervous system, paralysis, exterior, to locate, to start, to ventilate.

Exercise 4. Spell the words. Write them in alphabetical order.

Protection, personal, pay, procedure, probably, boot, provide, body, permit, paper, portion, pressure, produce, period, paralysis, poison.

Exercise 5. 1) Translate the following words. Name parts of the speech.

Excessive, frequently, unnecessary, protective, vulnerable, paid, attentive, breathing, equipped, respiration, permission, rescuer, production, heating, caused, accumulation, nervous, simultaneously, improbability, determination, wounded, failure, depletion, rescuer, searching, charged, connective, irritant, to dislocate, followed.