2. Give definitions of such terms: hose, mechanical injury.

3. Write the annotation to the text.

4. Describe the main characteristics of fire hoses.

Exercise 14. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the word “that” (“those”).

1. The clock struck 12 and that moment she came in through the door. 2. Do you want to sit in this chair or that one? 3. The rules state quite clearly that smoking is not allowed. 4. Who told you that? 5. The reason was that he forgot. 6. He’s the greatest man that’s ever lived. 7. It wasn’t that good, actually. 8. I was that hungry I could have eaten a horse! 9. They’ve found the gun that he was shot with. 10. The day that he came I was out. 11. Did you get the books (that) I sent you? 12. He spoke in such a rude manner that she refused to reply. 13. The fare is reduced for children, that is, anyone under 15 years old. 14. I’ll give it to you on condition (that) you don’t break it. 15. She slammed the book down on the table and with that ran angrily out of the room. 16. If you carry on behaving like that you’ll go straight to bed without any supper. 17. That’s why I don’t like him. 18. Bring it closer so that I can see it better. 19. Come at 6 o’clock – that seems early enough. 20. First we went to the butcher’s, and after that we went to the greengrocer’s.

Exercise 15. Insert the prepositions: to, at, in, into, from, above, behind, across, under, through, on, along, about, below, in front of, out.

1. A cool wind blew … the sea (з). 2. The teacher is writing something … the blackboard. 3. He put his hands … his pockets. 4. She got … her car and drove off. 5. I will go … the swimming pool twice a week. 6. They are … the University now. 7. He flew … London … New York. 8. The bookcase stands … the wall. 9. The children must go … bed early. 10. The Black Sea is situated … the south of Ukraine. 11. In summer we’ll go … the south. 12. They built a bridge … the river (через). 13. I threw the ball … the window (через). 14. I want to have an excursion … the town (по). 15. He likes to walk … the streets (по). 16. She ran out from … the tree (з-за). 17. You can’t breathe … water. 18. Raise your arms … your head. 19. She is wearing the skirt that reaches to … the knee (нижче). 20. A van was parked right … my car (перед). 21. Translate this text … Spanish … French. 22. We are … the table already (за). 23. Open the bag and take the money … .

Exercise 16. Read the numerals and word combinations with them.

1) 249; 15637; 2,37; 0,5; 3,945; 2 ¾; ½; 17%; 33%;

2) 5 feet 6 inches; 90 km/h; 54$ 25 cents; -14^oC; +29^oC; 173^oF; першого травня; третього жовтня 2009 року; другого липня; двадцять п’ятий день; 14.30; 17.45; 6.10; о восьмій годині ранку; десята година вечора; рівно о шостій годині.

Exercise 17. Translate the sentences, make them interrogative and negative.

1. He has already finished his diploma work. 2. They will have passed their exams by the time you return. 3. The experiment will have been finished by the end of this month. 4. By the beginning of the lecture the laboratory assistant had brought all the necessary diagrams. 5. I have seen him today. 6. We have heard about her recently. 7. Before we came to the lecture we had studied all the material. 8. Fire hoses have been already cleaned. 9. He has just loaded fire hoses into the hose compartment. 10. Firefighters have removed all the dust and dirt from the hoses.

Exercise 18. Make the sentences passive.

1. The students have done their homework. 2. Bob has left his notebook at home. 3. I have told you about the lecture. 4. The laboratory assistant had not prepared the experiment by 2 o’clock. 5. She had finished her test when we came. 6. The teacher will have corrected our dictations by the end of the week. 7. They have not made any mistakes. 8. Excessive heat injures fire hoses. 9. He is brushing the dust from a fire hose. 10. They didn’t use fire ladders.

Exercise 19. Put the verb in brackets in all tense and voice forms.

1. My friend (to do) his work very well. 2. Firefighters (to extinguish) fires. 3. The designer (to make) this ladder of metal. 4. Fire hoses (to transport) water under pressure. 5. He (to dry) fire hoses.

Exercise 20. Put the verb in brackets in the necessary tense and voice form.

1. He … from our Institute this year. I … from our Institute in 3 years. They … from our Institute last year (to graduate). 2. She … us in the morning yesterday. She … this morning (to see). 3. I … him last year. He never … her before (to meet). 4. This problem … yesterday. This problem … much in the press lately (to discuss). 5. We … it tomorrow. We … it by the end of the month (to do). 6. I … not the car yet. I … it now (to clean). While we … , all the lights went out (to have supper).

Exercise 21. Make the sentences negative.

1. Fire hoses are coupled together. 2. Mildew sometimes occurs on the woven jacket of fire hoses. 3. This acid was injurious to the rubber lining. 4. He washed the hoses with detergent. 5. This liquid will injure the fire hose. 6. Fire hoses occupy excessive space in hose compartments. 7. Fire hoses must be water tight. 8. This fire hose withstood high pressure. 9. Different sizes of fire hoses were designed for specific purposes. 10. The dirt has been removed with a brush.

Exercise 22. Put the questions to the italicized words.

1. He was forbidden to participate in the competition. 2. I haven’t heard from him since then. 3. He was sleeping when I came. 4. He didn’t come because he was busy. 5. He will be 35 in three years. 6. The book cost 45$. 7. Her nephew’s car is black. 8. She returned from London a week ago. 9. They will be firefighters. 10. She speaks Chinese and Japanese. 11. Your niece did it on purpose. 12. Our parents will be absent for two hours. 13. Their uncle refused to help us. 14. He comes here to meet you. 15. The work will have been done by tomorrow. 16. I saw Peter and Ann the day before yesterday. 17. His mother-in-law works at our Institute. 18. We studied at the same school. 19. He is taught mathematics. 20. The new material is being tested now.

Exercise 23. Translate the sentences.

1. Пожежники зараз миють рукави проточною водою. 2. Пожежники намагалися захистити рукави від механічних пошкоджень. 3. Надмірне тепло висушує гумове внутрішнє покриття рукавів. 4. Пожежний рукав витримав високий тиск. 5. Пліснява спричинить гниття рукава. 6. Цими рукавами користуються зараз. 7. Пожежні рукави гнучкі та водонепроникні. 8. Рукави були завантажені у спеціальний відсік. 9. Слабкий розчин кислоти вже утворився на поверхні рукава. 10. Ця рідина містить хімічні інгредієнти, небезпечні для рукава.

Exercise 24. Find and correct 10 mistakes.

Each material have its own fire characteristics.

Wood is combustible. Fire spreads rapidly over wooden surfaces, particularly when the wood is thin. To reduce the fire spread wood is treat with salts that retard ignition. They is applied strictly in accordance with directions and, in the case of wood paneling, are ineffective if the hidden back surface is untreated. Wood treated to resist decay and insects emit toxic smoke. When the wood carries part of the load of the building, the loss of material can to cause collapse.

Concrete is non-combustible but not necessarily fire resistive. Concrete made fire resistive by specified improvements in the mix. Different types of concrete structures have different fire problems. Fire in concrete buildings may be very hazardous to firefighters. Even a total collapse of all floor can happen.

Plastics describes a wide range of materials. In general, they are easily ignited, produce greater amounts of heat than other materials and emit combustion products that are more toxic than ordinary smoke. Some plastics may melt or deform.

Steel is non-combustible. She is very strong. But steel has negative fire characteristics. At relatively low fire temperatures steel elongates significantly. Cooling brings it back to its original dimensions. But it do not cause failure of the steel. The best use of water is to cool the steel constantly, to prevent the structure from failing and thus reduce the hazard to firefighters and the loss.