2) Recommend some ways for improving your English outside classes.

Exercise 35. Find two words or phrases from the list that could go with each word or phrase below.

The station, football, repeat the question, trainer, is 20, clever, 9 a.m., mountaineering, speak louder, studies at the University, quickly, Academy.

1) my; 2) interested in; 3) see you at; 4) he; 5) could you; 6) exceptionally.

Exercise 36. Speak on the following questions.

1. What are the benefits of being educated?

2. What do you like or dislike in the system of education in our country?

3. What can be done to improve students’ motivation to study?

4. Would you like to study abroad? Why or why not?

5. What is your attitude to paid education?

Exercise 37. Write resume.

Unit 3.

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

Fire hoses

The term “fire hose” identifies a type of flexible tube used by firefighters to carry water under pressure from the source of supply to a point where it is discharged to extinguish fire. Fire hose is the most used item in the fire service and the way in which it is used requires it to be flexible, water tight, have a smooth lining, and durable covering. Fire hose must withstand relatively high pressures, be able to transport water with a minimum loss in pressure, and be sufficiently flexible to permit loading into a hose compartment without occupying excessive space.

Fire hose is classified by its size (diameter) and by material from which it is constructed. The many different sizes of fire hose used by fire departments are all designed for a specific purpose. When reference is made to the diameter of fire hose, the dimensions, which are stated, are the inside diameter of the hose. Fire hose is usually cut and coupled into lengths of fifty feet for convenience of handling and replacement, but lengths greater than fifty feet may be obtained. Fire hoses can be coupled together to produce a continuous hose line.

The life of fire hose is considerably dependent upon how well it is protected against mechanical injury, heat, mildew and pressures that may exceed those for which it was tested. Mechanical injuries are various types of damage that may occur when hose is used at fires. Some common mechanical injuries are worn places, rips, abrasions, crushed or damaged couplings. The exposure of hose to excessive heat or its contact with fire will cause charring, melting or weakening of the fabric and drying of the rubber lining.

Mildew may occur on the woven jacket when moisture is allowed to remain on the outer surfaces. This condition will cause rot or decay and the consequent deterioration of the hose. Many liquids and gases contain chemical ingredients and are injurious to fire hose. Gasoline, if allowed to come in contact with hose, will penetrate the woven jacket and produce a solvent action of the rubber lining. When a small amount of water is left in hose too long, it will cause a weak solution of acid to be formed. This acid is not ordinarily injurious to the rubber lining but, if permitted to come in contact with the jacket, it may cause serious injury.

The most important factor relating to the life of fire hose is the care it gets after fires, in storage, because little can be done at fires to provide safe usage and to protect it from injury. After fire hose has been in use at fires, the usual accumulation of dust and dirt should be thoroughly brushed from it. If the dirt cannot be removed by brushing, the hose should be scrubbed and washed with clear water. When fire hose has been exposed to oil it should be washed with a mild soap or detergent, making sure that all oil is completely removed. The hose should then be properly rinsed and dried.

Exercise 2. Read the definitions of the words. Translate and memorize them.

- acid – 1) a substance that forms a chemical salt when combined with an alkali; 2) having an unpleasantly sour or bitter taste;

- cause – 1) something that produces an effect; 2) reasonable grounds for a belief or action; 3) a matter to be resolved in a court of law;

to cause – to be the cause of, to make something happen;

- care – 1) the process of looking after and giving attention to someone who needs it; 2) the responsibility for protection or looking after someone, dealing with a problem or difficulty; 3) serious attention and effort; 4) carefulness in avoiding harm, damage; 5) worry, sorrow or uncertainty, anxiety;

to care – to be worried, anxious, concerned;

to care about – to think it is important;

to care for – to like (in negative sentences and questions);

to take care of – to look after;

- to char – to become black by burning;

- condition – 1) the state of something or someone with regard to appearance, fitness, working order; 2) circumstances affecting the functioning or existence of something; 3) a state of affairs that must exist before something else is possible;

- consequent – following as a result;

- convenient – fitting in well with a person’s needs, activities and plans;

- to couple – to join together, to connect;

couple – 1) two things related in some way, two things of the same kind; 2) two people who live or spend time together; 3) a few, several, a small number;

- detergent – a soluble cleansing agent;

- dimensions – measurements of size (height, length, width);

- to discharge – 1) to allow to go (from a hospital), dismiss from a job, release from the custody; 2) to emit or send out (a liquid, gas); 3) to unload; 4) to perform (a duty or promise) properly;

- durable – able to last, long-lasting;

- to exceed – 1) to be greater than; 2) to do more than;

- to expose – to uncover, to leave without protection; 2) to make known (a secretly guilty person or action); 3) to cause someone to be vulnerable or at risk;

- flexible – 1) capable of bending easily without breaking; 2) readily adaptable;

- hose – rubber or plastic tube conveying water, used for watering plants and in firefighting;

- to injure – 1) to cause physical harm, hurt seriously; 2) to damage;

- item – a single thing on a list or among a set;

- lining – material covering the inner surface of a garment, box, etc.;

- loss – the fact or process of losing something or someone; 2) a defeat in sport; 3) the feeling of grief after losing a valued person or thing;

to lose (lost, lost) – 1) to no longer have something as a result of carelessness or accident, death or destruction; 2) to fail to win, to be unsuccessful;

- to melt – to cause a solid to become liquid; 2) to become gentle, sympathetic;

- mildew – a soft, usually whitish growth that forms on plants, food, leather, kept for a long time in warm wet conditions;

- moist – slightly wet, damp or humid;

- to obtain – to become the owner, especially by means of effort or planning, to get;

- to penetrate – 1) to force a way into or through; 2) to see into or through;

- pressure – 1) the action of putting force or weight onto something; 2) forceful influence, strong persuasion;

- to remain – 1) to stay after others have gone; 2) to continue to be;

- rubber – 1) a substance, made either naturally from the juice of tropical tree or artificially, which keeps out water and springs back into position when stretched; 2) a piece of rubber used for removing pencil marks (Br.E.);

- to store – 1) to make and keep a supply of something for future use; 2) to put or keep in a special place while not in use; 3) to fill with supplies;

- sufficient – enough, as much as is needed for a purpose;

- watertight – through which no water can pass;

- to withstand – 1) to offer strong resistance or opposition to something; 2) to remain unharmed or unchanged.

Exercise 3. Translate the following words without a dictionary.

To identify, type, service, to transport, minimum, to occupy, to classify, diameter, to construct, department, to design, specific, foot, to produce, mechanical, to test, abrasion, to contact, fabric, deterioration, to contain, chemical, ingredient, gasoline, action, to form, ordinary, serious, factor, safe, to accumulate, to scrub, oil.

Exercise 4. Spell the words. Write them in alphabetical order.

Source, safe, surface, scrub, solvent, solution, serious, state, soap, specific, small, supply, smooth, sufficient, space.

Exercise 5. 1) Translate the following words. Name parts of the speech.

Identification, excessive, reference, convenience, obtaining, coupling, independent, dependence, injurious, exposure, melted, moisture, storage, careful, continuous, consequence, duration, covering, penetration, occupant, transportation, classification, constructor, designer, productive, careless, tested, container, formation, ordinarily, safety, accumulative, oily, carelessness, permission, obtainable, dried.