АКАДЕМІЯ ПОЖЕЖНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

ІМЕНІ ГЕРОЇВ ЧОРНОБИЛЯ МНС УКРАЇНИ

Кафедра іноземних мов

ПРОФЕСІЙНА АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА

Черкаси 2009

ББК 81.2 АНГЛ

К 68

Іващенко О.А. – доцент кафедри іноземних мов.

«Професійна англійська мова». – Черкаси: АПБ, 2009. - 100с.

Посібник «Професійна англійська мова» складається з 6 тем і розрахований на 88 годин аудиторних занять.

Матеріал посібника охоплює всі аспекти вивчення мови – фонетичний, морфологічний, лексичний та граматичний і передбачає формування та розвиток навичок перекладу фахових текстів, аудіювання, монологічного та діалогічного мовлення.

Рецензенти: Цюра С.В. – завідувач кафедри іноземних мов Черкаського Національного університету, кандидат філологічних наук, доцент

Комп’ютерний набір: Іващенко О.А.

Технічний редактор: Максимович Ю.В.

Редактор: Іващенко О. А.

Розглянуто та затверджено на засіданні Вченої ради Академії

Протокол № від

ББК 81. 2 АНГЛ

К 68

Іващенко О.А.

Contents

Передмова 4

Chemical reaction of combustion 5

Fire service ladders 15

Fire hoses 25

Personal protection of firefighters 36

Ventilation 47

Vehicle extrication 57

Appendix 68

Grammar 68

Words having several functions 75

Texts for listening 78

Synonyms 82

Business correspondence 85

Word-building 91

Conversational formulas 95

Irregular verbs 97

References 99

Передмова

Цей посібник призначений для курсантів, студентів та слухачів Академії пожежної безпеки.

Мета посібника – забезпечити практичне оволодіння англійською мовою за професійним спрямуванням в межах тем, які входять до програми з предмету «Професійна англійська мова». Матеріал посібника надає можливість підготувати курсантів, студентів та слухачів до читання спеціальної літератури для вилучення з неї необхідної інформації, розвиває їх мовленнєві навички та навички аудіювання.

Посібник складається з 6 тем і розрахований на 88 години аудиторних занять. Кожна тема вивчається за єдиною структурою і містить професійно орієнтований текст, фонетичні вправи, спрямовані на корекцію вимови, вправи на словотворення, які допомагають засвоєнню основних англійських афіксів, лексичні вправи, які дають змогу детально розглянути і засвоїти термінологію, граматичні вправи, присвячені вивченню основних граматичних явищ англійської мови, вправи на розвиток діалогічного та монологічного мовлення. У посібнику передбачені також вправи для самостійної роботи курсантів і студентів та вправи на аудіювання.

Посібник має додаток, в якому розкриті основні граматичні, лексичні та морфологічні явища англійської мови.

Unit 1.

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

Chemical reaction of combustion

Fire is a chemical reaction known as combustion. It is the rapid oxidation of combustible material accompanied by a release of energy in the form of heat and light. There are three components needed for ignition and combustion to occur. A fire requires fuel ­to burn, air to supply oxygen, and a heat source to bring the fuel up to ignition temperature. If any one of these elements is removed, a fire cannot exist. When a fuel burns it undergoes chemical change and there are four products of combustion: fire gases, flame, heat and smoke. The term “fire gases” refers to the vaporized products of combustion. Flame is a visible luminous body of a burning gas, which becomes hotter and less luminous when it is mixed with increased amounts of oxygen. Heat is a form of energy, which is measured in degrees of temperature to signify its intensity. Smoke is a visible product of incomplete combustion.

There are three methods of fire suppression: to remove the fuel, to exclude the oxygen, and to reduce the temperature. The removal of fuel is effective but not always practical or possible. Methods of fuel removal include turning off the fuel supply, pumping flammable liquids from a burning tank, removing unburned portions of large piles of solid combustible materials such as that found in coal piles, diluting liquid material that is burning. Water will dilute materials which are soluble, such as ethyl alcohol. Flammable liquids that are not soluble in water can be diluted with an emulsifying agent which mixes with the top layer of the flammable liquid to stop the vaporization. Flammable gases can also be diluted and can become noncombustible with the addition of an inert gas such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen.

The process of “smothering” or “blanketing” will extinguish fires by separating the oxygen from the other components that make a fire. A common example of this method is extinguishing grease in a frying pan by placing the cover on the pan. But some plastics and metals cannot be extinguished by smothering because they do not depend on an external air supply. Cooling is a widely used method of fire extinguishment. Heat is carried away from a fire by radiation, conduction, convection, and absorption by a cooling agent. Of all the extinguishing agents, water absorbs more heat per volume than any other agent.

There are four classes of fires. Class A fires involve ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics. Water is used to reduce the temperature of the burning material below the ignition temperature. Class B fires involve flammable liquids, greases and gases. The exclusion of oxygen is most effective. Class C fires involve energized electrical equipment. A non-conducting extinguishing agent sometimes controls this fire. Class D fires involve combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium and potassium. The extremely high temperature of some burning metals makes water and other common extinguishing agents ineffective. We have no agent available that effectively controls fires in all combustible metals. Special extinguishing agents are available for control of fire in each of the metals and are marked specifically for that metal.

Exercise 2. Read the definitions of the words. Translate and memorize them.

- to absorb – 1) to take or suck in gradually; 2) to fill the attention completely;

- to add – 1) to put together with something else as to increase the number, size, importance; 2) to join numbers, amounts so as to find the total;

to add fuel to a fire – to make a difficult situation worse;

- amount – number (used with uncountable nouns, or when talking about large quantities of goods);

- available – 1) able to be used or obtained; 2) not occupied, free;

- to burn – 1) to destroy or be destroyed by fire; 2) to hurt or be hurt by fire or heat; 3) be entirely possessed by a desire or emotion;

burn – a hurt place or mark produced by fire or heat;

- combustion – the process of catching fire and burning; chemical activity;

- complete – lacking nothing, finished, total, fully supplied;

- to conduct – 1) to act as the path for electricity, heat; 2) to behave;

- convection – the movement caused by warm gas or liquid rising or sinking;

- to cover – 1) to place something upon or over something in order to protect or hide it; 2) to fill an area, to extend out;

- to depend – to be controlled or determined by, rely on;

- to dilute – to make a liquid weaker and thinner by mixing another liquid with it;

- to equip – to provide with what is necessary for doing something (especially for activity of a practical and technical kind);

- to exist – 1) to live or be real; 2) to continue to live especially with difficulty (of a person);

- fire - the state of burning; 2) shooting by guns; 3) a gas or electrical apparatus for warming the room;

to fire – 1) to shoot off bullets; 2) to dismiss from a job;

on fire – burning;

to catch fire – to begin to burn;

to fight fire – to extinguish fire – to suppress fire – to put out fire;

- flame – red or yellow body of the burning gas;

- fuel – material used for producing heat or power by burning or by atomic means;

to fuel – to provide with fuel;

- grease – 1) any thick oily substance; 2) animal fat when soft after being melted;

- to ignite – to (cause to) start to burn;

- to include – to have as a part, to take in;

- to increase – to make or become larger in amount, number;

- to involve – 1) to include as a necessary part or result; 2) to cause to experience or participate in an activity or situation; 3) to cause to become connected or concerned;

- layer – a thickness of some substance, often one of many;

- liquid – a substance which is not a solid or a gas, which flows, is wet and has no fixed shape;

- to measure – to find the size, length, amount, degree of something in standard units;

- to occur – to take place, to happen;

- to oxidize – to combine with oxygen;

- to radiate – to send out (light or heat) in all directions;

- to reduce – to make less in size, amount, price, degree;

- to refer – 1) to mention or speak about; 2) to look at for information;

- to release – 1) to set free, let go; 2) to allow a new film or record to be shown or sold publicly;

- to remove – to take away (from a place) or take to another place, to get rid of, to go to live or work to another place;

- to require – to need or make necessary; to demand by right;

- to smother – 1) to cover thickly; 2) to keep from developing, growing or getting out; 3) to kill from lack of air;

- solid – not flowing; not needing a container to hold its shape; not liquid or gas;

- soluble - that can be dissolved in a liquid;

- source – 1) a place from which something comes; 2) means of supply; 3) a cause; 4) a person or thing that supplies information;

- to supply – to provide something that is needed;

supply – an amount for use; the providing of something needed;

in short supply – difficult to obtain because of shortage;

supply and demand – the balance between the amount of goods for sale and the amount that people actually want to buy;

- to suppress – 1) to destroy or bring to an end by force; 2) to prevent from being shown; 3) to prevent from being printed or made public;

- to undergo – to experience especially something unpleasant, unwelcome or difficult;

- volume – 1) a book forming part of a series; 2) the amount of space occupied by a substance or object or enclosed within a container; 3) quantity or power of sound.

Exercise 3. Translate the following words without a dictionary.

Reaction, energy, material, form, proportion, element, product, gas, temperature, effective, method, class, plastic, electrical, metal, special, chemical, to accompany, to mix, extremely, intensity, ordinary, term, to release, to create, to exist, to vaporize, to mark, to control, agent, radiation, to absorb, to include, to exclude, practical, portion, ethyl alcohol, top, to stop, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, process, to separate, to pump, luminous, component.

Exercise 4. Spell the words. Write them in alphabetical order.

Fire, fight, firefighter, fuel, form, flame, flammable, four, fast, fireman.

Exercise 5. 1) Translate the following words. Name part of the speech.

Absorption, absorbent, combustible, oxidation, nonflammable, incomplete, completely, removal, reducible, ignition, occurrence, requirement, suppression, dilution, addition, smothering, radiation, radiant, supplying, releasing, exclusive, inclusion, included, increasingly, measurable, equipment, oxidizer, changeable, reference, involved, independence, visibility, burning, burnt, covered.