1) Past tense:

   Verbs and participles standing in the past tense, can be perfect or imperfect form, indicating the completeness or incompleteness of the action:

Examples of verbs:

Imperfective verbs in the past tense (incompleteness of the action):

ел [el] – ate

гулял [gul`яl] - walked

пил [pil] - drank

видел [v`idel] - saw

Perfective verbs in the past tense (completeness of the action):

съел [sъel] - had eaten (fully, to the last)

погулял [pogul`яl] – has walked (has already fully completed the festivities)

выпил [v`ыpil] – had drunk (fully, to the last, to the bottom)

увидел [uv`idel] – saw (already performed an action)

Examples of participles:

Imperfective participle in the past tense (incompleteness of the action):

евший [`ev∫iй] – eaten (who ate)

гулявший [gul`яv∫iй] – who had walked

пивший [p`iv∫iй] – who had drank

видевший [v`idev∫iй] - who had saw

Perfective participle in the past tense (completeness of the action):

съевший [sъ`ev∫iй] – who had eaten (fully, to the last)

погулявший [pogul`яv∫iй] – who has walked (who has already fully completed the festivities)

выпивший [v`ыpiv∫iй] - who had drunk (fully, to the last, to the bottom)

увидевший [uv`idev∫iй] – who saw (who already performed an action)

…………

Gerunds imperfective present tense look and pronounced as well as gerunds imperfective past tense:

Imperfective gerunds in the present tense:

едя [ed`я] (He thinks by eating candy),

гуляя [gul`яя] (She feels cold, walking around at night.),

выпивая [vыpiv`aя] (He is sitting, drinking tea.),

видя [v`idя] (He is surprised, seeing himself in the reflection.)

Imperfective gerunds in the past tense:

едя [ed`я] (He thought by eating candy.),

гуляя [gul`яя] (She felt cold, walking around at night.).,

выпивая [vыpiv`aя] (He sat drinking tea.),

видя [v`idя] (He wondered, seeing himself in the reflection.)

Note:

Participles indicate action to be taken during the main action (sometimes (in the context of a call or text) the main action is not specified, but only implied)

Note 2:

As can be seen from the examples, to put the verb the past tense and participle the past tense in perfect form, use the prefixes. You should know that not all the prefixes contribute to the change in the form of an imperfect to perfect.

2) Present tense:

    Verbs and participles, standing in the present tense always have an imperfect form, thus pointing to the incompleteness of the action, the length of it in the moment or the frequent repetition and recurrence in the present:

Examples of verbs:

понимаю [ponim`aю] – (I) understand,

вижу [v`iжu] – (I) see,

чувствую [č`uvstvuю] – (I) feel,

знаем [zn`aem] – (we) know,

решаем [re∫`aem] – (we) decide,

идём [id`ёm] – (we) go,

сидишь [sid`i∫ь] – (you) sitting,

слушаешь [sl`u∫ae∫ь] – (you) listen,

гладишь [gl`adi∫ь] – (you) stroking,

верите [v`erite] – (you) believe,

танцуете [tanц`uete] – (you) dance,

пишет [p`i∫et] – (he, she, it) writes,

спит [spit] - (he, she, it) sleeps,

одевают [odev`aюt] - (they) dress,

разговаривает [razgov`arivaet] - (he, she, it) talking,

учат [`učat] – (they) teach,

работают [rab`otaюt] – (they) work.

Examples of participles:

понимающий [ponim`aю∫^ьiй] – (I, you, he) who understand,

видящая [v`idя∫^ьaя] - (I, you, she) who see,

чувствующий [č`uvstvuю∫^ьiй] - (I, you, he) who feel,

знающие [zn`aю∫^ьie] - (we, you (plur.), they) who know,

решающие [re∫`aю∫^ьie] – (we, you (plur.), they) who decide,

идущие [id`u∫^ьie] – (we, you (plur.), they) who go,

сидящий [sid`я∫^ьiй] - (I, you, he) who sitting,

слушающий [sl`u∫aю∫^ьiй] - (I, you, he) who listen,

гладящий [gl`adя∫^ьiй] - (I, you, he) who stroking,

верящие [v`erя∫^ьie] – (we, you (plur.), they) who believe,

танцующие [tanц`uю∫^ьie] - (we, you (plur.), they) who dance,

пишущий [p`i∫u∫^ьiй] - (I, you, he) who write,

спящий [sp`я∫^ьiй] - (I, you, he) who sleep,

одевающие [odev`aю∫^ьiй] - (we, you (plur.), they) who dress,

разговаривающий [razgov`arivaю∫^ьiй] - (I, you, he) who talking,

учащие [`uča∫^ьie] - (we, you (plur.), they) who teach,

работающие [rab`otaю∫^ьie] - (we, you (plur.), they) who work.

…………

Examples of gerunds:

понимая [ponim`aя] (Lived, realizing what was happening.),

видя [v`idя] (She was frightened every time they saw it.),

чувствуя [č`uvstvuя] (They froze, sensing the danger.),

зная [zn`aя] (She was silent, knowing the truth.),

решая [re∫`aя] (He strained by solving the equation.),

идя [id`я] (Walking along the road, he did not look around.),

сидя [sid`я] (It is difficult to score a goal, sitting in a chair.),

слушая [sl`u∫aя] (He sang aloud, listening to music.),

гладя [gl`adя] (Stroking the cat's back, she felt his rumbling.),

веря [v`erя] (He lived in the believing in miracles.),

танцуя [tanц`uя] (Dancing Waltz, do not think about the bad.),

спя [sp`я] (He caught a cold while sleeping on the floor.),

одевая [odev`aя] (He dropped his keys, clothing coat.),

разговаривая [razgov`arivaя] (She stared at the ceiling, talking on the phone.),

уча [uč`a] (Teaching Russian language, be careful to write the personal endings of verbs.),

работая [rab`otaя] (She's tired of working in the laundry room.)