II. Дайте відповіді на запитання

1. What constitutes the power plant of automobiles?

2. How many strokes may be in the cylinder?

3. What are the processes that take place in the engine cylinder?

4. What are the factors defining the engine fuel economy?

5. What disadvantages are attached to rotary engines?

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III. Виходячи з відповідності речень до тексту, позначте їх +/-

1. The power plant includes the engine and its fuel, ignition, electrical, lubrication, and cooling systems.

2. The four-cycle engine requires six strokes of the piston per cycle.

3. The first down stroke draws in the gasoline mixture.

4. For many years large V-8 engines were not very popular.

5. In the early 1970s one Chinese automaker began to manufacture cars powered by the rotary-combustion engine.

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IV. Визначте тип термінів тексту стосовно їх будови

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V. Знайдіть приклади інтернаціональної лексики

ВАРІАНТ 9

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І. Прочитайте текст та виконайте повний письмовий переклад

Fuel system

Fuel is stored in a main fuel tank. The fuel is mixed with air before it is burnt in the cylinders of an internal-combustion engine. In Otto-cycle engines, this task is performed by either a carburetor or a fuel-injection system. Diesel engines use only fuel-injection systems.

By the 1990s, electronic fuel-injection systems had replaced carburetors in most Otto-cycle engines. In the most common of these systems, fuel is pumped under high pressure to a nozzle at each cylinder. The nozzle sprays the fuel into an intake port at the cylinder, where the fuel is partially mixed with air; a valve opens to allow the mixture into the cylinder. The air-flow system and the fuel-intake system are connected by electronic controls, which regulate the fuel-to-air ratio in each cylinder under varying conditions. (Level-road driving at constant speed requires a lower fuel-to-air mixture ratio than that needed for climbing hills, for acceleration, or for starting the engine in cold weather.) The fuel is broken into a fine spray by the nozzle, allowing it to burn more completely. Thus, fuel-injection systems not only produce greater performance and fuel economy than do carburetors, they also reduce exhaust emissions.

A carburetor draws in air from a point close to a heated part of the engine to prevent the air and the carburetor from becoming too cold for evaporation of the fuel. Modern carburetors are fitted with a so-called float-feed chamber and a mixing or spraying chamber. The first is a receptacle in which a small supply of gasoline is drawn from the main tank and maintained at a constant level. The carburetor is equipped with such devices as accelerating pumps and economizer valves to control automatically the mixture ratio. A valve known as the choke controls the air intake.

Since the 1980s most diesel engines have been equipped with electronic fuel-injection systems as opposed to mechanical ones. In most, the nozzles deposit the fuel directly into the cylinders. The fuel is compressed by a pump to a higher pressure than that for gasoline fuel injectors. Some diesel engines have a centrally located pump connected to a distributor system that directs the fuel to the cylinders; others have a separate pump for each cylinder.

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