II. Дайте відповіді на запитання

1. According to which features are tractors classified?

2. What provides the safety of tractor operator?

3. What did early tractors use?

4. What can modern tractors provide?

5. What was invented by Harry Ferguson?

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III. Виходячи з відповідності речень до тексту, позначте їх +/-

1. Modern farm tractors range in size from 15 to 600 horsepower.

2. In open-air tractors the ROPS is a steel beam that extends above the operator's seat.

3. Modern tractors used belts wrapped around pulleys to power stationary equipment.

4. Equipment attached to the three-point hitch can be raised or lowered hydraulically with a control lever.

5. The engine power of tractors made them very suitable for engineering tasks.

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IV. Визначте тип термінів тексту стосовно їх будови

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V. Знайдіть приклади інтернаціональної лексики

ВАРІАНТ 6

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І. Прочитайте текст та виконайте повний письмовий переклад

Bulldozer

A bulldozer is a tracked-type tractor attached with blade in the front and a rope-winch behind. Bulldozers are very powerful tractors and have excellent ground-hold, as their main tasks are to push or drag things.

It is a very powerful crawler (caterpillar tracked tractor) equipped with a blade. The term "bulldozer" is often used to mean any heavy engineering vehicle, but precisely, the term refers only to a tractor (usually tracked) fitted with a dozer blade.

The first bulldozers were adapted from farm trailers that were used to plough fields. To dig canals, raise earth dams, and do other earthmoving jobs, the tractors were equipped with a large thick metal plate in front. This thick metal plate (it got its curved shape later) is called a "blade". The blade peels layers of soil and pushes it forward as the tractor advances. Several specialised blades have been developed: for high volume loads such as coal, rakes to remove only larger boulders or blades with razor sharp edges to cut tree stumps. In some early models the driver sat on top in the open without a cabin.

Bulldozers have been further modified over time to evolve into new machines which are capable of working in ways that the original bulldozer can not.

Over the years, when engineers needed equipment to complete large scale earthworks, firms like the CAT, Komatsu, Fiat-Allis, John Deere, International Harvester, Case, Terex and JCB started to manufacture large tracked-type earthmoving machines. They were large, noisy, and powerful, and therefore nicknamed "bulldozer".

Through the years, bulldozers got bigger, more powerful, and more sophisticated. Important improvements include more powerful engines, more reliable drive trains, better tracks, raised cabins, and hydraulic (instead of early-models' cable operated) arms that enable more precise manipulation of the blade and automated control. As an option, bulldozers can be equipped with a rear ripper claw to loosen rocky soils or to break up pavement (roads).

The best known maker of bulldozers is probably the Caterpillar Tractor Company, which earned its reputation for making tough durable reliable machines. Although these machines began as modified farm tractors, they became the mainstay for big civil construction projects, and found their way into use by military construction 'units throughout the world. Their best known model, the Caterpillar D9, was also used to clear mines and demolish enemy structures.

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