II. Дайте відповіді на запитання

1. Who was the inventor of the petrol-powered automobile?

2. When and where was Karl Benz born?

3. Where did he study?

4. What did Benz soon patent?

5. What did Benz found?

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III. Виходячи з відповідності речень до тексту, позначте їх +/-

1. Karl Benz was an American automobile engineer.

2. The first truck in history was designed by Benz.

3. Karl Benz succeeded to create the two-stroke steam engine.

4. The spark plug, the carburetor, the clutch, the gear shift, and the water radiator are also Benz's inventions.

5. Benz and Daimler companies never worked together.

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IV. Визначте тип термінів тексту стосовно їх будови

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V. Знайдіть приклади інтернаціональної лексики

ВАРІАНТ 4

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І. Прочитайте текст та виконайте повний письмовий переклад

Tractor

A tractor is a device intended for drawing, towing or pulling something which cannot propel itself and, often, powering it too. Most commonly the word is used to describe a vehicle intended for such a task on some other vehicle or object.

In Britain the word "tractor" usually means "farm tractor", and using "tractor" to mean other types of vehicles is known of in the vehicle trade but unfamiliar to much of the general public.

The most common use of the term tractor is for the vehicles used on farms. The farm tractor is used for pulling agricultural machinery or trailers, for ploughing, harrowing and similar tasks. The classic farm tractor is a simple open vehicle with two very large driving wheels on an axle below and slightly behind a single seat (the seat and steering wheel consequently are in the center) and the engine in front of the driver with two steerable wheels below the engine compartment. This basic design has remained unchanged for a number of years, but now enclosed cabs are available for many models of farm tractor.

There are usually four foot-pedals, for the operator, on the floor of a tractor. The pedal on the left is the clutch. The operator presses on this pedal to disengage the transmission for either shifting gears or stopping the tractor. Two of the pedals on the right are the brakes. The left brake pedal stops the left rear wheel arid the right brake pedal does the same with the right side. This independent left and right wheel braking augments the steering of the tractor when only the two rear wheels are driven. This is usually done when it is necessary to make a tight turn. The split brake pedal is also used in mud or soft dirt to control a tire that spins due to loss of traction. The operator presses both pedals together to stop the tractor. For tractors with additional front-wheel drive, this operation often engages the 4-wheel locking differential to help stop the tractor when travelling at road speeds.

The pedal furthest to the right is the foot throttle. Unlike those in automobiles, it can also be controlled from a hand-operated lever ("hand throttle"). This helps provide a constant speed in field work. It also helps provide continuous power for stationary tractors that are operating an implement by shaft or belt. The foot throttle gives the operator more automobile-like control over the speed of the tractor for road work. When travelling on the road in the UK, it is mandatory to use transmission. They have several gears which generally provide a range of speeds from less than one mile per hour up lo about 25 miles per hour. Older tractors generally require that the operator depress the clutch in order to shift between gears (a limitation of straight-cut gears in the gearbox), but many modem tractors have eliminated this requirement with the introduction of technologies such as continuously variable transmission. This allows the operator more and easier control over working speed than the throttle alone could provide.

Slower speeds are necessary for most operations that are performed with a tractor. These slower speeds help give the farmer a larger degree of control in certain situations, such as field work. However, when travelling on public roads, these slow operating speeds can cause problems.

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