II. Дайте відповіді на запитання

1. What is a car battery?

2. What is the term also used for?

3. What is the ratio to time that a battery can deliver a certain amount of current?

4. What is a battery's ability to sustain a minimum stated electrical load?

5. What is the function of the hydrometer?

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III. Виходячи з відповідності речень до тексту, позначте їх +/-

1. The battery is usually the second part of the system to develop a problem.

2. Cranking amps is the amount of current a battery can provide at 32 °F (0 °C).

3. Cold cranking amps (CCA) is the amount of current a battery can provide at 10 °F (-28 °C).

4. The hydrometer value measures the amount of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte.

5. The open circuit voltage, measured when the engine is on.

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IV. Визначте тип термінів тексту стосовно їх будови

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V. Знайдіть приклади інтернаціональної лексики

ВАРІАНТ 15

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І. Прочитайте та виконайте повний письмовий переклад

Common car electrical problems

The battery is usually the first part of the system to develop a problem. Most batteries last between 3 and 7 years depending on brand and design. Batteries can be working perfectly one minute, and dead the next.

Blown car fuse. If one part of the electrical system not working like the interior lights or dash lights, then the first thing to check is the fuses. Check for the fuse panel under the dash, in the glove box, or maybe even in the engine compartment in some more, modern cars. Most fuse boxes will be labeled with a circuit diagram. Modern cars use a blade type fuse which is rectangular in shape and transparent. Look for the wire, which runs through the fuse, and see if it has burned through. Any discoloring of the fuse is a good indication that the fuse has blown. If you are in any doubt, replace with a new fuse and test the system which is not working.

The Cars Alternator. Does your car start ok, but your headlights become dim when idling? It could be a bad alternator. When the alternator cannot produce enough electricity to keep the electrical systems running and the battery will have to be used to take up the slack. This will eventually wear down the battery and not allow your car to start.

Troubleshooting your Cars Electrical System. There is no tougher a system to troubleshoot on your car than the charging/starting system. This is due to the fact that there are a large number of things that can go wrong and it's difficult to test some components without special equipment. Let's go over some possible situations and their possible causes.

Car won't start, all I hear is a click but the engine does not turn.

1. First check all battery cables for corrosion as this will keep power from flowing freely to the starting system. If they are dirty, clean with a wire brush and reattach. Apply a light coat of grease to the top of the terminals to prevent further corrosion. 2. Battery could not have enough power stored in it to spin the engine. This can be caused by a bad cell in the battery or from a bad alternator not charging the battery when the engine is running. If you can get the car to a mechanic, have him or her lest the battery and charging system with a special tester. This tester places a load on the battery and can tell the condition. They can also check to see if the alternator is working to its full potential.

3. Starter or solenoid could be bad. If you can not jump start the car and all of the battery cables are ok then suspect the starter.

Car won't start, I hear nothing.

1. Check battery cables as above.

2. Have the battery tested. There could be a bad cell causing a short. You can try jump-starting but often the car will not stay running.

Car won't start, all I hear is a horrible grinding noise. Grinding noises point to the starter not properly meshing with the flywheel. This can be caused by a bad solenoid or a bad spot on the flywheel. I have also seen starters loosen up so they no longer contact the flywheel at the proper distance. While not common, it is something to keep in mind.

Car starts but my headlights are dim at low engine speeds.

1. Look to the alternator for problems. Take the car to your mechanic to have the alternator checked for proper operation.

2. Check for loose wires going to the alternator. Also check for corrosion, as this will inhibit the alternator from charging properly.

3. Check the tension on the alternator belt. If it is too loose, the belt may slip and not drive the alternator properly.

Preventing problems with your car's electrical system.

1. Replace your battery every 4 years as a safety measure. It will save allot of headaches down the road.

2. If your battery is not a sealed unit, check fluid levels in each cell. Only fill with distilled water and be careful around the acid, which is in the battery.

3. Check your alternator belt frequently for cracks and tension. Replace per your cars manufacturers recommendations.

4. Clean your battery connections at least once a year. Cur stores sell a handy terminal cleaner which is basically a round metal wire brush, which works great. Once you re-attach the terminals, coat them with a layer of heavy grease or special purpose grease sold at car stores. This layer will block the air from reacting with the connectors and creating corrosion.

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