II. Дайте відповіді на запитання

1. What is a car battery?

2. What is the starting type designed to?

3. What is the deep cycle type designed to?

4. How to handle the car battery?

5. Why should we never buy a battery that is more than six-month old?

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III. Виходячи з відповідності речень до тексту, позначте їх +/-

1. As a lead acid battery discharges, the lead plate gets thicker.

2. The starting (cranking) type is designed to start an engine.

3. The deep cycle type is designed to continuously provide power for long periods of time.

4. The grounding is provided by connecting the body of the car to the positive electrode of the battery.

5. One should never buy a battery that is more than six-month old.

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IV. Визначте тип термінів тексту стосовно їх будови

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V. Знайдіть приклади інтернаціональної лексики

ВАРІАНТ 14

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І. Прочитайте та виконайте повний письмовий переклад

Car battery terms and ratings

A car battery is a type of electric battery that supplies electric energy to the starter motor and the ignition system of a vehicle's engine. The term is also used for the main power source of an electric vehicle.

The battery is usually the first part of the system to develop a problem. Most batteries last between 3 and 7 years depending on brand and design. Batteries can be working perfectly one minute, and dead the next.

Ampere-hours (A-h) is the ratio to time that a battery can deliver a certain amount of current. Generally expressed in the base value of number of hours discharging a current of 1 A.

Cranking amps (CA), also sometimes referred to as marine cranking amps (MCA), is the amount of current a battery can provide at 32 °F (0 °C). The rating is defined as the number of amperes a lead-acid battery at that temperature can deliver for 30 seconds and maintain at least 1.2 volts per cell (7.2 volts for a 12 volt battery).

Cold cranking amps (CCA) is the amount of current a battery can provide at 0 °F (-18 °C). The rating is defined as the amperage a lead-acid battery at that temperature can deliver for 30 seconds and maintain at least 1.2 volts per cell (7.2 volts for a 12-volt battery). It is more a demanding test than those at higher temperatures.

Hot cranking amps (HCA) is the amount of current a battery can provide at 80 °F (26.7 °C). The rating is defined as the amperage a lead-acid battery at that temperature can deliver for 30 seconds and maintain at least 1.2 volts per cell (7.2 volts for a 12-volt battery).

Reserve capacity minutes (RCM), also referred to as reserve capacity (RC), is a battery's ability to sustain a minimum stated electrical load; it is defined as the time (in minutes) that a lead-acid battery at 80 °F (27 °C) will continuously deliver 25 amperes before its voltage drops below 10.5 volts.

The hydrometer value measures the amount of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte. A low reading means that the sulfur is .stuck to the battery plates. Upon recharge of the battery, the sulfur returns to the electrolyte.

The open circuit voltage, measured when the engine is off. The following is common for lead-acid batteries:

• Quiescent (open-circuit) voltage at full charge: 12.6 V

• Unloading-end: 11.8 V

• Charge with 13.2-14.4 V

• Gassing voltage: 14.4 V

• Continuous-preservation charge with max. 13.2 V

• After full charge the terminal voltage will drop quickly to 13.2 V and then slowly to 12.6 V.

The energy to weight ratio, or specific energy, is in the range of 108 kJ/kg (30 W h/kg).

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