II. Дайте відповіді на запитання

1. What is the purpose of the carburetor?

2. In which way is the fuel delivered into the combustion chamber?

3. Why is the fuel-injection system considered to be more efficient that the carburetor?

4. Which device is used to control the fuel-air mixture?

5. How does the fuel injector operate?

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III. Виходячи з відповідності речень до тексту, позначте їх +/-

1. The fuel is mixed with air before it is burnt in the cylinders of an internal-combustion engine.

2. By the 1890s, electronic fuel-injection systems had replaced carburetors in most Otto-cycle engines.

3. Modern carburetors are fitted with a float-feed chamber and a mixing chamber.

4. Since the 1990s most diesel engines have been equipped with electronic fuel-injection systems.

5. Some diesel engines have a centrally located pump connected to a distributor system.

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IV. Визначте тип термінів тексту стосовно їх будови

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V. Знайдіть приклади інтернаціональної лексики

ВАРІАНТ 10

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І. Прочитайте текст та виконайте повний письмовий переклад

Ignition and electrical systems

The mixture of air and gasoline vapor delivered to the cylinder from the carburetor or fuel injectors is compressed by the first upstroke of the piston. This heats the gas, and both the higher temperature and the higher pressure favor ready ignition and quick combustion. The next operation is that of igniting the charge by causing a spark to jump the gap between the electrodes of a spark plug, which projects through the walls of the cylinder. One electrode is insulated by porcelain or mica; the other is grounded through the metal of the plug, and both form the part of the secondary circuit of an induction system.

The principal type of high-tension ignition now commonly used is the battery-and-coil system. The current from the battery flows through the low-tension coil and magnetizes the iron core. When this circuit is opened at the distributor points by the interrupter cam, a transient high-frequency current is produced in the primary coil with the assistance of the condenser. This induces a transient, high-frequency, high-voltage current in the secondary winding. This secondary high voltage is needed to cause the spark to jump the gap in the spark plug. The spark is directed to the proper cylinder to be fired by the distributor, which connects the secondary coil to the spark plugs in the several cylinders in their proper firing sequence. The interrupter cam and distributor are driven from the sane shaft, the number of breaking points on the interrupter cam being the same as the number of cylinders.

The electric equipment controls the starting of the engine, its ignition system, and the lighting of the car. It consists of the storage battery, a generator or alternator for charging it when the engine is running, a motor for starting the engine, and the necessary wiring. The starting motor is of a special type that operates under a heavy overload, producing high power for very short periods of time.

Various automatic devices and accessories are also operated by electricity or electronic actuators, including windshield wipers, directional signals, healing and air conditioning, cigarette lighters, power windows, power doors, and audio and video equipment. Since the early 1980s digital speedometers, trip-in formation devices, and electronic devices to alert owners on maintenance and performance have keen built into many cars. Cruise control systems, which allow the vehicle to travel at a constant speed without use of the brakes or accelerator, are also available.

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