Зміст домашніх завдань

ВАРІАНТ 1

30\20

І. Прочитайте текст та виконайте повний письмовий переклад

Automobile

An automobile is a wheeled vehicle that carries its own motor. Different types of automobiles include cars, buses, trucks, and vans. An automobile has; seats for the driver and, almost without exception, one or more passengers. The main components of automobiles are the engine (mostly internal combustion engine with six - sixteen cylinders), the transmission system, the framework and the body.

The automobile as we know it was not invented in a single day by a single inventor. The first theoretical plans for a motor vehicle had been drawn up by both Leonardo da Vinci and Isaac Newton. In 1896 Daimler and Benz invented highly successful and practical gasoline-powered vehicles that ushered in the age of modern automobiles.

Nowadays the most developed nations produce motor vehicles. Many developing nations also manufacture cars and trucks or assemble them for automakers of other countries. Japan and the United States are the largest car producers. Other major producers are France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy and Spain.

The most common use of the term tractor is for the vehicles used on farms. The farm tractor is used for pulling or pushing agricultural machinery or trailers, for plowing, tilling, harrowing, planting, and similar tasks.

The first mechanized farm implements in the 1800's and early 1900's were steam tractors, which were not very safe and could explode or entangle their operators in the belt driven attachments. These machines were phased out during the 1920s in favour of the increasingly popular internal combustion engine. The classic farm tractor is a simple open vehicle with two very large driving wheels on an axle below and slightly behind a single seat (the seat and steering wheel consequently are in the center) and the engine in front of the driver with two steerable wheels below the engine compartment. This basic design has remained unchanged for a number of years, but enclosed cabs are fitted on almost all modern models, for reasons of operator safety and comfort. A tractor may be put on to caterpillar tracks instead of wheels - a tractor crawler. The tracks spread the weight of the vehicle across a larger area, resulting in a lower ground pressure compared to wheels. This makes them very well suited for use on soft ground and mud.

The construction of a modern tractor incorporates the following main units and assemblies: power unit, transmission assembly, supporting and controlling mechanism, steering unit and the tractor frame including the parts to which different tractor assemblies are secured.

At present reliable wheeled and caterpillar tractors for general purposes of 14-200 h. p. capacity are produced at Kharkiv Tractor Plant.

20\15

II. Дайте відповіді на запитання

1. What is an automobile?

2. What are the main components of automobiles?

3. Who was the first to invent the horseless carriage?

4. What purposes do modern tractors serve to?

5. When was the first tractor constructed?

5\5

III. Виходячи з відповідності речень до тексту, позначте їх +/-

1. An automobile is a wheeled vehicle that carries its own motor.

2. In 1996 Daimler and Benz invented highly successful and practical gasoline-powered vehicles.

3. Nowadays the most developed nations produce space vehicles.

4. Japan and the United States are the largest car producers.

5. The first mechanized farm implements in the 1800's and early 1900's were bulldozers.

10\9