Грамматическая тема "неличные формы глагола: причастие, герундий, инфинитив"

1. Выражают действие без указания лица, числа и наклонения.

2. Не могут выступать в предложении в роли сказуемого (а только его части); выполняют другие функции.

3. Формы времени имеют относительное значение, а не абсолютное, т.е. конкретное время совершения действия определяется сказуемым предложения.

PARTICIPLE

формы	ACTIVE	PASSIVE	соотнесение с действием сказуемого
PI	opening speaking	being opened being spoken	одновременность будущее
PII	_____________	opened spoken
Perfect Participle	having opened having spoken	having been opened having been spoken	предшествование

GERUND

формы	ACTIVE	PASSIVE	соотнесение с действием сказуемого
Gerund Indefinite	opening speaking	being opened being spoken	одновременность будущее
Gerund Perfect	having opened having spoken	having been opened having been spoken	предшествование

INFINITIVE

формы	ACTIVE	PASSIVE	соотнесение с действием сказуемого
Infinitive Indefinite	to open to speak	to be opened to be spoken	одновременность будущее
Infinitive Continuous	to be opening to be speaking	______________
Perfect Infinitive	to have opened to have spoken	to have been opened to have been spoken	предшествование

Упражнения по грамматической теме «причастие и его функции».

(см. таблицу стр. 8)

1. Определение /правое и левое/

Употребляется Р I и P II; перевод – причастием

Переведите на русский язык:

A. a growing body, an increasing supply, a working organism, a controlling device ;

foods containing proteins, food providing energy, enterprises producing foods, substances regulating body processes, foods supplying building material, constituents composing food, chemists defining food;

B. the analysed substance, a commonly used term, the supplied energy, a defined

constituent, the estimated contribution of foods; food constituents classified into different groups, substances regarded as food, energy consumed by a body, the contribution made by a food, foodstuffs manufactured at our enterprises, the capacity to work lost because of the lack of food, the body’s need for energy met through carbohydrates, proteins and fats

С. Назовите соответствующую форму причастия; переведите на русский язык.

foods (to produce) at this factory; food (to supply) a body with energy; food constituents (to classify) into six groups; sub stances (to regulate) body processes; a man (to lose) the capacity to work; people (to eat) fatty food; a food (to make contribution to the body; food constituents (to list) in this text; food composition (to study) by chemists; experiments (to carry out) in their laboratory

2. Часть сказуемого.

Употребляется Р I и P II; перевод - личной формой глагола

Переведите на русский язык:

1. Foods are regarded as substances capable of meeting one or more body needs. 2. The nutritive value of these substances was much spoken about. 3. Much attention will be paid to the production of baby foods. 4. The health of a human being is greatly affected by the quality and variety of food. 5. The study of the constituents of the new food product was followed by the analysis of its nutritive value. 6. Many experiments with non-fat dry milk were followed by its commercial manufacturing. 7. We were asked to define the main characteristics of proteins. 8. People have used milk, butter and cheese since ancient times. 9. The role of many vitamins has not been determined yet. 10. At the beginning of the year our plant will produce this kind of bread. 11. Many years had passed before industrial production of butter began. 12. When the experiment had been completed its results were discussed with the head of the laboratory. 13. They were examining the composition of the substance at that moment. 14. We are examinihg the nutritive value of a new kind of butter. 15. The role of newly discovered vitamins is being studied by scientists of different countries.

3. Обстоятельство

Употребляется P I, P II, Perf. P; перевод – а/ деепричастием / если в A.V/

б/ личной ф.гл. / если в Р.V/

Переведите на русский язык:

А. 1. Introducing computers people can automate different operations in food processing. 2. Storing foods for a long time one should remember about temperature conditions. 3. Analyzing the new product they subjected it to chemical treatment. 4. Speaking about of baby food nutritionists recommend various milk products. 5. When using the word "energy" nutritionists mean the capacity to do work. 6. Even accepting the fact that life without fats is impossible human diet should not contain any large amount of fat. 7. Consuming food the body cannot digest it without its chemical changes. 8. Defining food scientists regard it as substances supplying a body with certain nutrients. 9. While studying the food composition chemists found a great variety of its constituents. 10. When classifying food constituents scientists determined their functions.

B. 1. Having elaborated new technologies manufacturers greatly contributed to the development of the food industry. 2. Having introduced computers people began to automate many processes of food manufacturing. 3. Having built a number of large modern sugar-producing plants all over the country we could considerably increase sugar production. 4. Having studied the chief food constituents scientists classified them into several groups. 5. Having analysed the new bread product the technologist gave his recommendations. 6. Having discovered the nutritive value of cereals people included them into their diet. 7. Having obtained the first starch from wheat ancient people used it not only as food but also for making papyrus. 8. Having tested a great variety of foods chemists defined the role of organic acids in nutrition. 9. Having investigated certain foods rich in carbohydrates scientists found that their sweet taste depended upon sugar present in them. 10. Having experimented with this wheat variety the selectionists made it more stable to cold winter.

С. Дайте английские эквиваленты следующих глагольных форм:

классифицируя, предполагая, перечислив, дополнив, регулируя, сославшись, потеряв, снабжая, удовлетворив, изучая, исследуя, съев, составив, потребляя, содействуя, образуя, нуждаясь, рассматривая, определив

D. Назовите соответствующие формы причастия; переведите данные предложения на русский язык.

1. (to solve) food problems nutritionists must overcome many difficulties. 2. (to study) the high nutritive value of vitamins scientists recognized their great role in human diet. 3. (to complete)the research of the new method of quality control of grain the investigator wrote an interesting article on his results. 4. (to store) meat under improper conditions they suffered great losses. 5. (to define) the role of any product in nutrition it is essential to know its composition and characteristics. 6. (to analyse) the characteristics of wheat scientists classified it into varieties. 7. (to study) the role of organic acids contained in food scientists found their ability to meet the body’s need for energy.

Е. Ознакомьтесь с моделью перевода причастного оборота с причастием в пассивной форме.

When translated the article will be published in this magazine. - Когда статья будет переведена, она будет напечатана в этом журнале.

If translated the article can be used in your work. - Если статью переведут, она может быть использована в вашей работе. Having been translated by a good specialist the article had no mistakes. - Так как статья переведена хорошим специалистом, она не содержала ошибок. Having been translated the article was published in this magazine. - Когда статья была переведена, она была опубликована в этом журнале.