- •Unit I Petroleum Industry
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •3. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •6. Answer the following questions using the information from the exercise 5:
- •7. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the appropriate word or word-combination:
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Speak about the petroleum industry according to the following plan:
- •Unite II. Petroleum Origin
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •Quantity – количество
- •Mixture – смесь
- •2. Read and translate the following words and word-combinations. Practice your pronunciation.
- •3. Read and translate the words of the same root:
- •4. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •5. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •6. Answer the following questions.
- •8. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions: between, on, in, to, of, for, by, with, over, from.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •9. Read the text, arrange the paragraphs logically and give a heading to the text.
- •11. Speak about the petroleum origin according to the following plan:
- •Unit III Light and Heavy Crude Oil
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •2. Read and translate the words of the same root:
- •3. Read and translate the following words. Pay attention to the pronunciation.
- •4. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •4. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. React to the statements (true or false).
- •7. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •8. Fill in the gaps in this paragraph about light crude oil.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Speak about crude oil according to the following plan:
- •Unit IV The Search for Oil and Gas
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •2. Read and translate the words of the same root:
- •3. Read and translate the following words. Pay attention to the pronunciation.
- •4. Read the text and translate it into Russian. The Search for Oil
- •5. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •6. Answer the following questions.
- •7. Match the words and word-combinations from the first column with the words and word-combinations that have the same meaning from the second column.
- •8. React to the statements (true or false).
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Speak about the oil exploration according to the following plan:
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •2. Read and translate the words and word-combinations of the same root.
- •3. Read the following words and word-combinations and give their Russian equivalents.
- •4. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •5. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •6. Answer the following questions.
- •7. Match the words and word-combinations from the first column with the words and word-combinations that have the same meaning from the second column.
- •8. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •9. Fill in the blanks choosing the proper English word from those given above the text.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Speak about the petroleum geology according to the following plan:
- •A Petroleum Geologist
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •3. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •6. Translate the text in writing. Use the dictionary.
- •7. Speak about the work of a petroleum geologist.
- •Английский язык
- •Библиотечно-издательский комплекс
- •625000, Тюмень, ул. Володарского, 38. Типография библиотечно-издательского комплекса.
- •625039, Тюмень, ул. Киевская, 52.
3. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
Специальные знания; определять местонахождение и размеры нефтяных месторождений; правительственное учреждение; передовые компьютерные технологии; тратить много времени; проводить исследование местности; исследовать грунт морского дна; брать образцы наземных горных пород; образцы горных пород оцениваются при помощи микроскопов; использовать систему глобального позиционирования; определить местонахождение новых залежей; информация, собранная при помощи GIS и GPS устройств; определить глубину бурения; минимизировать вред окружающей среде; получить степень магистра; повысить шансы найти работу; спрос на компетентных специалистов; максимально увеличить производительность скважин.
4. Answer the following questions.
Where can a petroleum geologist work?
What does his work consist of?
What modern equipment helps petroleum geologists identify the locations of new reserves?
What education must a person receive to become a petroleum geologist?
Do government agencies in the USA employ geologists who have bachelor's degree?
What can help a beginning petroleum geologist increase the chances of finding employment?
Is the demand for knowledgeable petroleum geologists strong? Why?
5. Translate into English.
Чаще всего геологи – нефтяники работают в нефтегазовых компаниях, но они могут также работать в государственных учреждениях и у независимых подрядчиков.
Геологи – нефтяники используют специальные знания для нахождения месторождений нефти и газа.
Геологи обычно тратят много времени на исследование определенной местности.
Геологи берут образцы осадочных пород и оценивают их при помощи микроскопа и другого лабораторного оборудования.
В настоящее время геологи – нефтяники используют систему глобального позиционирования и геоинформационную систему для определения местоположения залежей нефти и газа.
Работа геолога включает в себя подбор способов бурения с целью минимизации вреда окружающей среде в районе потенциальной буровой площадки.
Спрос на компетентных геологов – нефтяников очень высок, так как нефтяной промышленности нужны специалисты для поиска новых месторождений и максимального увеличения производительности добывающих скважин.
6. Translate the text in writing. Use the dictionary.
What Does a Petroleum Geologist Do? Five Things!
Step 1 – The Petroleum Geologist Prospects
Prospecting is the work the geologist does to locate a place to drill a test hole, which hopefully can be turned into a producing well.
Most petroleum geologists work in an office, where they have access to a lot of data. They use the data to construct maps, cross-sections, and databases. These tools help them locate the best places to drill their test holes.
The geologist studies his maps and cross-sections and runs computer simulations that help him select the next best location to drill. He always thinks about the next drilling location or prospect.
The geologist wants to know what type of trap he is dealing with, and the composition of sedimentary rocks he will be drilling through. He needs to estimate the porosity of his prospective “pay zone.” He wants to know if dangerous high pressure can be expected in the new hole. If seismic data is involved in the prospect, he will consult with the geophysicist and get his opinion of the prospect.
The geologist is interested in anything that happens in the area, particularly news of new discoveries by other companies. If he sees a promising new area, he will recommend to the land department that an attempt should be made to lease the land; the leased acreage will then be available for drilling later.
When the geologist has finally found the correct spot, he spends much time cross-checking to ensure he has not missed anything. He wants to make sure he is not “surprised” by any of the following:
discovering the selected location was already drilled by another company 40 years ago (and was dry);
discovering that his company has no legal right to drill on the location (lease problems);
unexpected faults or other geologic problems that crop up during drilling and ruin the prospect;
discovering that the hole is being drilled in the wrong place after drilling begins (a very bad thing that has actually happened!).
Step 2 – The Petroleum Geologist Packages the Deal
Once the new location is defined, and the geologist is satisfied the prospect is a good one, the work is just beginning. He has a large amount of rough data available in the form of work maps that he used to satisfy himself of the feasibility. Now, he must condense this large data mass into a set of presentation materials that can be shown to non-geologists.
Step 3 – The Petroleum Geologist Sells the Deal
Now the geologist must step into a role that is often uncomfortable for him – selling his prospect. It may be uncomfortable because geologists are scientists, with scientific backgrounds and schooling. They are used to talking to other scientists. But now the geologist must become a salesman in order to convince people who are not geology experts of the value of the prospect. These people may include managers, bankers, engineers, and oil and gas investors.
The geologist is looking to convince his clients that
the prospect is worth drilling;
investors will get a fair return for their money;
the provided financing will be money spent wisely.
Even an inexpensive test hole can cost a couple of million dollars, and some exploration tests may run into many tens of millions. So the geologist wants to be very sure of his facts. All his clients must believe the proposed well has a reasonable chance of being successful.
Step 4 – The Petroleum Geologist Monitors the Drilling of the Test
Next comes the part that every geologist enjoys the most – drilling the hole. The energy company engages a drilling contractor who owns and operates the drilling rig.
Drilling a hole is a very complex procedure involving many people and many critical steps. Nearly everything must go right. Dangerous machinery, bad weather, and continuous mechanical failures are faced daily. The work goes on for weeks to months, 24 hours a day, nonstop. A slip-up at any point can ruin the very expensive hole, cost a fortune, or get people killed.
The geologist will closely monitor all aspects of the drilling as it takes place. He will decide where and when to take cores or drill-stem tests. Finally, after the hole is logged with electric logs, he will examine the logs and recommend the hole be completed or plugged.
Step 5 – The Petroleum Geologist Works with the Engineer to Complete the Well
At last the hole is drilled! At this time, a decision must quickly be made to attempt a completion and make the hole a well, or plug the dry hole. Completion costs are extremely high, so it must be believed the expensive completion will be worth the money. No one wants to throw good money after bad.
The job of completing the hole is mainly in the hands of the petroleum engineer. The geologist will give the engineer a list of formation tops, and tell the engineer exactly which zones should be tested. The geologist may suggest a certain style or method of perforation, or offer advice on cementing techniques. Working as a team, the geologist and petroleum engineer will get the new well completed, and put it to work producing hydrocarbons.