- •Unit I Petroleum Industry
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •3. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •6. Answer the following questions using the information from the exercise 5:
- •7. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the appropriate word or word-combination:
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Speak about the petroleum industry according to the following plan:
- •Unite II. Petroleum Origin
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •Quantity – количество
- •Mixture – смесь
- •2. Read and translate the following words and word-combinations. Practice your pronunciation.
- •3. Read and translate the words of the same root:
- •4. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •5. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •6. Answer the following questions.
- •8. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions: between, on, in, to, of, for, by, with, over, from.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •9. Read the text, arrange the paragraphs logically and give a heading to the text.
- •11. Speak about the petroleum origin according to the following plan:
- •Unit III Light and Heavy Crude Oil
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •2. Read and translate the words of the same root:
- •3. Read and translate the following words. Pay attention to the pronunciation.
- •4. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •4. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. React to the statements (true or false).
- •7. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •8. Fill in the gaps in this paragraph about light crude oil.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Speak about crude oil according to the following plan:
- •Unit IV The Search for Oil and Gas
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •2. Read and translate the words of the same root:
- •3. Read and translate the following words. Pay attention to the pronunciation.
- •4. Read the text and translate it into Russian. The Search for Oil
- •5. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •6. Answer the following questions.
- •7. Match the words and word-combinations from the first column with the words and word-combinations that have the same meaning from the second column.
- •8. React to the statements (true or false).
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Speak about the oil exploration according to the following plan:
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •2. Read and translate the words and word-combinations of the same root.
- •3. Read the following words and word-combinations and give their Russian equivalents.
- •4. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •5. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •6. Answer the following questions.
- •7. Match the words and word-combinations from the first column with the words and word-combinations that have the same meaning from the second column.
- •8. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •9. Fill in the blanks choosing the proper English word from those given above the text.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Speak about the petroleum geology according to the following plan:
- •A Petroleum Geologist
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •3. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •6. Translate the text in writing. Use the dictionary.
- •7. Speak about the work of a petroleum geologist.
- •Английский язык
- •Библиотечно-издательский комплекс
- •625000, Тюмень, ул. Володарского, 38. Типография библиотечно-издательского комплекса.
- •625039, Тюмень, ул. Киевская, 52.
3. Read and translate the following words. Pay attention to the pronunciation.
Scientific approach, rock layer, geophysicist, physical characteristics, magnetic properties, gravitational pull, variations in density, visual methods, gravimetric measuring, seismic measuring, final test, oil bearing strata.
4. Read the text and translate it into Russian. The Search for Oil
In the early days of commercial oil exploration, around 150 years ago, prospectors drilled around the areas where oil seeped to the surface, trying to find the underground source of the oil. Sometimes they were lucky but often they found nothing.
Today, drilling for oil is an extremely expensive business and has to be approached scientifically. Through science we have discovered how oil and gas formed. Rock structures that contain oil or gas are hidden by the sea or other rock layers, and we have to do a full survey of the area. This is where geologists and geophysicist are valuable.
A geologist looks at the makeup of rocks – where they are and the formations they make. A geophysicist uses the physical characteristics of rocks – their magnetic and gravitational properties, and how sound waves travel through different kinds of rocks – to help understand the structures below the Earth’s surface.
The rocks that may contain oil or gas are less dense than the others. These differences can be detected by remote sensing surveys carried out from ships that make no direct contact with the rock structures beneath the sea.
Aircraft can also be used to measure the gravitational pull of the Earth over an area. Small differences in the gravitational pull are caused by variations in the density of the underlying rocks. Because some rocks are more magnetic than others, we can also measure variations in the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field.
General survey techniques cover large areas quite quickly and easily and help to build a broad picture of the rock structures. If the results are encouraging the second stage of explorations is undertaken.
In summary, oil deposits are detected by visual, geological and geographical methods.
1. Visual methods include observations of oil seepages.
2. Geological methods include mapping the age of rocks, their nature and types of formations present.
3. Geographical methods include:
a) gravimetric measuring the variation in density of the earth's crust;
b) seismic and magnetic measuring;
Drilling is the final test for oil bearing strata.
5. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
Нефтепоисковые исследования; пробурить скважину; подземный источник нефти; бизнес, требующий больших затрат; научный подход; структура породы; полное обследование; магнитные свойства; звуковые волны; проходить через горные породы; содержать нефть и газ; дистанционные исследования; измерять силу притяжения; различия в плотности; магнитное поле; полная картина; обнадеживающие результаты; находить месторождение нефти; выход нефти на поверхность земли; нефтеносный пласт.