- •Unit I Petroleum Industry
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •3. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •6. Answer the following questions using the information from the exercise 5:
- •7. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the appropriate word or word-combination:
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Speak about the petroleum industry according to the following plan:
- •Unite II. Petroleum Origin
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •Quantity – количество
- •Mixture – смесь
- •2. Read and translate the following words and word-combinations. Practice your pronunciation.
- •3. Read and translate the words of the same root:
- •4. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •5. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •6. Answer the following questions.
- •8. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions: between, on, in, to, of, for, by, with, over, from.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •9. Read the text, arrange the paragraphs logically and give a heading to the text.
- •11. Speak about the petroleum origin according to the following plan:
- •Unit III Light and Heavy Crude Oil
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •2. Read and translate the words of the same root:
- •3. Read and translate the following words. Pay attention to the pronunciation.
- •4. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •4. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. React to the statements (true or false).
- •7. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •8. Fill in the gaps in this paragraph about light crude oil.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Speak about crude oil according to the following plan:
- •Unit IV The Search for Oil and Gas
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •2. Read and translate the words of the same root:
- •3. Read and translate the following words. Pay attention to the pronunciation.
- •4. Read the text and translate it into Russian. The Search for Oil
- •5. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •6. Answer the following questions.
- •7. Match the words and word-combinations from the first column with the words and word-combinations that have the same meaning from the second column.
- •8. React to the statements (true or false).
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Speak about the oil exploration according to the following plan:
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •2. Read and translate the words and word-combinations of the same root.
- •3. Read the following words and word-combinations and give their Russian equivalents.
- •4. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •5. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •6. Answer the following questions.
- •7. Match the words and word-combinations from the first column with the words and word-combinations that have the same meaning from the second column.
- •8. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •9. Fill in the blanks choosing the proper English word from those given above the text.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Speak about the petroleum geology according to the following plan:
- •A Petroleum Geologist
- •1. Read and learn the following words.
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
- •3. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •6. Translate the text in writing. Use the dictionary.
- •7. Speak about the work of a petroleum geologist.
- •Английский язык
- •Библиотечно-издательский комплекс
- •625000, Тюмень, ул. Володарского, 38. Типография библиотечно-издательского комплекса.
- •625039, Тюмень, ул. Киевская, 52.
Unit I Petroleum Industry
Start-up
What do you know about the history of petroleum industry?
1. Read and learn the following words.
fossil – окаменелость
fossil fuels – углеводородное топливо, топливно-энергетические полезные ископаемые
trace – след
remains – остатки, останки
petroleum – нефть
crude oil – неочищенная нефть
mixture – смесь
distillation – очистка
gasoline – бензин
kerosene – керосин
asphalt – битум
by-product – субпродукт
petrochemicals – нефтехимикаты
source – источник
to consume – потреблять
pressure – давление
to exist – существовать
to cover – покрывать
to compose – составлять
well – скважина
oil deposit – месторождение нефти
quantity – количество
to replace – заменить
to drill – бурить
internal combustion engine – двигатель внутреннего сгорания
fuel – топливо
to increase – увеличивать(ся)
to force out – выталкивать
invention – изобретение
renewable – возобновляемый
to exhaust – истощать(ся)
to substitute – заменять
2. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
Petroleum Industry
Petroleum, coal, and natural gas are the most widely used sources of energy in the modern world. They are of primary importance in the industrialized countries, where vast amounts of energy are consumed to operate all the different kinds of machines that work for mankind today. These three energy sources are referred to as fossil fuels.
Fossils are the traces or remains of plant or animal life that existed in previous ages. They were covered by sand or mud, which in time was itself covered by the water of the seas. Pressure changed the remains into oil, coal, or gas. Petroleum is composed largely of the marine animals and plants that lived so long ago.
When petroleum first went on market, it was called rock oil to distinguish it from the other kinds of oil. Since then, modern technology has become such an enormous consumer of energy that petroleum is probably the most valuable product in the world. It is often called “black gold”.
Up until the industrial revolution human beings did not use energy in the same quantities as we do nowadays. Energy was used for heat and light and preparation of food. The main fuels were wood, vegetable and animal oils. It has only been since World War II that oil has replaced coal as our primary energy source.
The growth of the petroleum industry has taken place in a little more than a hundred years. The origin of the industry can be dated to 1859, when the first underground oil well was drilled in the USA. Before that time the petroleum came from seepage in places where pressure had forced it out onto the surface of the ground. The first important commercial product from crude petroleum was kerosene. Gasoline and asphalt were by-products. Later, after the invention of the internal combustion engine, gasoline turned out to be a more efficient energy source in the automobiles. Gasoline once an unwanted by-product suddenly became the most popular fuel in the world.
Oil by-products have also become more efficient and cheaper than other fuels, it is used to power most forms of transportation. A ton of coal produces less energy than a barrel of oil, and oil is easier to transport. Another important factor in the growth of the oil industry has been the development of petrochemicals. Various modern plastics and different fertilizers are made of petroleum.
The greatest problem of the petroleum industry is that petroleum is not a renewable natural resource. As the use of oil has increased, so have the predictions that oil will soon be exhausted. The oil industry however is engaged in research to find not only substitutes but also the other sources of energy.