Unit 3. The livestock

Task 1. Memorize the following words.

animal – тварина

livestock – худоба

ox (oxen) – віл (воли)

cattle – велика рогата худоба

pork – свинина

ham – яловичина

economy – економіка, господарство

Christmas market – різдвяний ярмарок

donkey – віслюк

camel – верблюд

reindeer – північний олень

to tame – приручати

to be situated – розташовуватись

to fat – відгодовувати

to meet – зустрічати

popular – популярний

famous – знаменитий

useful – корисний

in the past – в минулому

to play a great role – відігравати велику роль

Scotland – Шотландія

Wales – Уельс

Task 2. Read and translate the word combinations.

animals were tamed by man; several thousands years ago; many kinds of domestic animals; around big cities; is a very popular food with the English people; England is famous for; in the past; a great role in the economy; in the north of England; in the world; not all of them; you can’t often meet.

Task 3. Read and translate the text.

The Livestock

Animals were tamed by man several thousands years ago; nowadays domestic animals are very important in our life. The English farmers keep many kinds of domestic animals and birds – cows, sheep, pigs, hens, turkeys and many others. All the animals, that live on a farm, are called livestock.

Cows and oxen are cattle; the cattle is kept on cattle-farms and dairy-farms. These farms are situated around big cities and produce a lot of meat and dairy products – milk, butter, and cheese.

There are many pig-farms in Britain, too; these farms produce pork. Bacon and ham is a very popular food with the English people.

England is famous for its sheep, too; in the past sheep-farming played a great role in the economy of this country. Most of the sheep-farms are situated in the north and west of England, in Scotland and Wales.

In Britain there are also a lot of poultry-farms which produce many millions of eggs every year. In autumn the poultry-farms fat a lot of turkeys for Christmas market.

There are many useful domestic animals in the world; not all of them are kept in England. In this country you cannot often meet a donkey and never a camel or a reindeer, but in other countries these domestic animals play a great role in their economy.

Task 4. Read the text and answer the questions.

Cattle

Cows and oxen are cattle. The cow is one of the most useful animals that we have. The cow gives people milk and cream from which they make butter and cheese.

An ox looks like a cow. The ox is a large and strong animal. It can work hard all day. The ox can draw a cart or a heavy load of wood.

When the ox goes to work the farmer puts a large yoke on its neck. The ox stands still and lets the farmer put the yoke on it.

When the farmer finishes his work, he drives the ox to the barn and takes the yoke off his neck.

The flesh of the cow or ox is called beef. A young cow is called a calf. The calf’s is called veal.

In summer cows, oxen and calves eat fresh grass in the pasture or in the meadow. In winter the farmers feed them on corn and hay. Hay is dried grass.

The farmers keep the cows in cowsheds. Milkmaids milk the cows every evening and every morning and fill their pails with milk. After milking their pails are full of milk. Cream is the best part of the milk. Butter is made of cream. Milk, cream and butter help to make people strong and healthy.

Answer the questions:

1. What are cattle?

2. Is the cow a useful animal?

3. What does the cow give us?

4. What do people make from milk?

5. What is an ox like?

6. What kind of animal is the ox?

7. What kind of work can the ox do?

8. What does a farmer put on the ox when it goes to work?

9. Where does the farmer drive the ox when he finishes his work?

10. What is the flesh of the cow or ox called?

11. What do the milkmaids use while milking the cows?

12. What is the best part of milk?

13. What is made of cream?

14. Is milk, cream and butter useful?

Task 5. Read the text and answer the questions.