- •Unit 4 The Commonwealth of Australia
- •Introduction
- •Economy
- •Government
- •Early history. Colonization.
- •Modern Australia
- •Language
- •Way of Life
- •Customs of Australia
- •Explanatory notes
- •Give detailed answers to the following questions.
- •Discussion
- •Unit 5 Social Etiquette in Australia
- •The rounds at the pub
- •Splitting the bill at a restaurant
- •Mateship
- •Tipping
- •Honesty
- •Wine for the dinner party
- •Seek and express empathy, not sympathy
- •Explanatory notes
- •Give detailed answers to the following questions.
- •Discussion
- •Unit 6 Canada
- •Introduction
- •Geography
- •Provinces and territories
- •Natural resources and industry
- •Government
- •Population
- •Demographic trends
- •Languages
- •Way of life
- •History
- •Explanatory notes
- •Give detailed answers to the following questions.
- •Discussion
- •Unit 7 Canadian Culture
- •Symbolism
- •Emergence of the Nation
- •National Identity
- •Ethnic Relations
- •Urbanism, Architecture, and the Use of Space
- •Food in Daily Life
- •Food Customs at Ceremonial Occasions
- •Social Stratification
- •Social Welfare and Change Programs
- •Etiquette
- •Secular Celabrations
- •Explanatory notes
- •Give detailed answers to the following questions.
- •Discussion
- •Unit 8 South Africa
- •Introduction
- •Climate
- •Economy
- •Government
- •Way of life
- •Customs of South Africa
- •Social issues
- •Explanatory notes
- •Give detailed answers to the following questions.
- •Discussion
- •Unit 9 The History of South Africa
- •Explanatory notes
- •Give detailed answers to the following questions.
- •Discussion
- •Literature
Seek and express empathy, not sympathy
In America, people feel no shame when talking about the fact they are seeing a counsellor or psychiatrist. Oddly, revealing one’s emotional distress almost seems to be a status symbol. In Australia, an ethic of “no worries” reins. Irrespective of whether they have just lost two legs in a car accident or their business has just collapsed, Australians try to maintain a facade of cheerfulness. If you feel the need to talk about your problems, it is more polite to try to turn the problem into a funny story.
The reasons for no worries mantra is best understood by appreciating that Australia was built by victims. The first of these victims were Convicts who over an 80 year period, suffered some of the worst human rights violations the world has ever seen. After World War II, Australia became a new home for war, political and economic refugees.
As victims, these groups did not want sympathy from others, nor were they prepared to give it to others. When recording his experiences, the Convict J.F Mortlcok wrote: “In Australia, silent composure under suffering is strictly prescribed by convict etiquette.”
Sometimes these victims were willing to give and receive empathy. The melancholic music of Convicts was the first of such means to express empathy. In modern times, empathy is expressed at ANZAC Day Dawn Services and when reciting the Ode in RSLs. (support organisation for men and women who have served or are serving in the Australian Defence Force (ADF).
If you consider yourself to be a victim, bear in mind that Australia is a country where respect is given to underdogs25 who stand up for themselves. The victim that doesn’t stand up for themselves, or needs someone else to fight for their cause, will gain no respect.
Explanatory notes
bludge [blʌʤ] – бездельничать, нахлебничать
blunt [blʌnt] – грубоватый; прямой, резкий
warrant ['wɔr(ə)nt] – гарантировать, обеспечивать (кому-л. что-л.)
egalitarianism [ɪֽgælɪ'tɛərɪənɪz(ə)m] – эгалитаризм (концепция всеобщего равенства прав или благосостояния как принцип организации общественной жизни)
upstart ['ʌpstɑ:t] – выскочка
buffoon [bə'fu:n] шут
salient ['seɪlɪənt] – заметный; яркий, бросающийся в глаза
struggling ['strʌglɪŋ] – в бедственном положении
digger ['dɪgə] – австралийский или новозеландский солдат (во время Первой и Второй мировой войны)
irrespective – [ֽɪrɪ'spektɪv] – не зависимый от (of)
to bend the rules – нарушать правил
foster ['fɔstə] – способствовать, содействовать, продвигать
lionize ['laɪənaɪz] – поднимать шум вокруг кого-л.
take the piss (слэнг) – насмехаться, высмеивать, издеваться
booze (разг.) [bu:z] – выпивка, спиртное
adage ['ædɪʤ] – поговорка
stipulate ['stɪpjəleɪt] – ставить условием
pavlova (австрал.) [pæv'ləuvə] – торт со взбитыми сливками и фруктами
fair dinkum (австрал., разг.) – честно, серьёзно, по-настоящему
toiler ['tɔɪlə] – работяга, труженик
vilify ['vɪlɪfaɪ] – поносить, чернить (кого-л.)
carcass ['kɑ:kəs] – туша (животного)
spin doctor – менеджер рекламы
plonk (брит.; разг.) [plɔŋk] – дешёвое вино
underdog ['ʌndədɔg] – неудачник; аутсайдер
