Explanatory notes

1. gene pool – генетический фонд

2. navigator ['nævɪgeɪtə] – мореплаватель

3. vessel ['ves(ə)l] – корабль, судно

4. provisions[prə'vɪʒ(ə)nz] – продовольственные товары

5. huguenot ['hju:gənəu] – гугенот (сторонник кальвинизма во Франции в 16-17 вв.)

6. refugee [ֽrefju'ʤi:] – беженец

7. freeholder ['fri:həuldə] – свободный землевладелец

8. inaccessible [ֽɪnək'sesəbl] – недосягаемый; недостижимый

9. disperse [dɪ'spɜ:s] – рассеиваться; расходиться

10. alienate ['eɪlɪəneɪt] – отвращать; отдалять, заставлять отвернуться

11. acquisition [ֽækwɪ'zɪʃ(ə)n] – приобретение, овладение

12. annex ['æneks] – присоединять, включать в состав

13. franchise ['frænʧaɪz] – право участвовать в выборах, право голоса

14. curtail [kɜ:'teɪl] – сокращать; урезывать

15. further ['fɜ:ðə] – продвигать; способствовать

16. allocate ['æləkeɪt] – располагать в определённом месте

17. curb [kɜ:b] – сдерживание (чего-л.)

18. in exile ['eksaɪl] – в ссылке

19. imminent ['ɪmɪnənt] – неминуемый (обычно об опасности, беде)

20. erupt [ɪ'rʌpt] – выливаться, перерастать (во что-л.)

21. insurgent [ɪn'sɜ:ʤ(ə)nt] – повстанец; мятежник

22. enact [ɪ'nækt ] – предписывать; вводить закон; постановлять

23. tricameral parliament – трехпалатный парламент (ЮАР)

24. unravel [ʌn'ræv(ə)l] – слабеть; рушиться; переставать действовать

25. installation [ֽɪnstə'leɪʃ(ə)n] – специальное здание, сооружение

26. vestige ['vestɪʤ] – след, остаток

27. dismantle [dɪs'mæntl] – ликвидировать

Give detailed answers to the following questions.

1. What were the first people to inhabit the South Africa?

2. Who were the first Europeans to discover Africa and give the first European name to a place in South Africa?

3. Who made the first permanent settlement in South Africa? From what countries did people come for permanent residence in South Africa? What attracted them about the country?

4. Why did San migrate into inaccessible parts of the country? How was the colored population created?

5. Who were the Boers? Why did they trek further inland?

6. Why did the Boers fight with the Xhosa? What was the Great Trek?

7. Why were Orange Free State and the Transvaal formed? Why did the states wage a war against Great Britain? What was the result of the war?

8. When was the Union of South Africa established? What provinces did it include? What new policy was started?

9. What changes took place from 1948 till 1960s under the ascendancy of the National party?

10. Why did South Africa leave the Commonwealth of Nations? Why did the country face the prospect of further isolation from the international community?

11. What restrictions were put on the blacks? How were the advocates for the end of apartheid treated?

12. What was wrong with the tricameral parliament of 1984? Was it different from the council formed after the adoption of the new constitution in 1993?

13. Who was the first South African president?

Discussion

1. Could South Africa be different now if it hadn’t been for the British expansion? In what way? What makes you think so?

2. Do the Boers have all rights to call South Africa their homeland? Explain your opinion. How can you characterize them as a nation?

3. What did the Boers try to prove when they formed the Orange Free State and the Transvaal? What makes you think so?

4. Was the racial strife justified in South Africa? Do you think that all people are equal in their rights in South Africa now?

5. Did Nelson Mandela deserve the post of the president of South Africa? Explain your point of view.