4. Поставити чотири типи питань (загальне, спеціальне, розділове, альтернативне) до одного й того ж речення.

a) In 1642 the famous French mathematician, Blaise Pascal designed and built the first mechanical calculator, the "Pascaline".

b) Programmers can easily understand programs not written by themselves.

c) Men use languages in order to communicate with each other

5. Визначте видо-часові форми та стан підкреслених дієслів та вкажіть їх неозначену форму, перекладіть ці речення українською мовою.

IW #2 Computers: the software and the hardware.

1. Because of extraordinary technological development during the past decades, the term computer is becoming a household word. Computer applications have expanded to such breadth that the computer is now an integral part of virtually every type of business and industrial enterprise.

2. The number of electronic computers used in any given field of human activity is sometimes believed to indicate the degree of its modernity. For example, the more computers scientific institute uses the more modern it is believed to be. It is not always born in mind, however, that computers alone represent only what is called the hardware, i.e. the machinery together with its subtle technical and logical design. In order that the hardware may be used effectively, another essential factor is needed: the so-called software or applied thoughts. The preparation of computer programs, the working out of the logical aspects of material to be manipulated in a computer, takes up as much, if not more, time as the actual production of the hardware and is by no mean easier. The software, as most intangible product, is not always capable of being readily evaluated. This, however, does not change the fact that it is at least as decisive as the hardware in obtaining solutions to concrete scientific and technological problems.

3. There are two basic types of electronic computers: digital and analogue. Each type has its uses in various fields. However, they have one thing in common: for their effective operation they require ingeniously thought-out software.

2. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions (if necessary)

1. technological development _____ the past decades

2. Computer applications have expanded _____ such breadth

3. the machinery together _____its subtle technical and logical design

4. time _____the actual production _____ the hardware

5. _____ their effective operation they require ingeniously thought-out software

6. and is _____ no mean easier.

3. До слів у стовпчику зліва підберіть групу синонімів із стовпчика справа. При визначенні слова орієнтуйтесь на текст

breadth	A considered, circumspect
use	B inalienable, imprescriptible, constituent
however	C at times, from time to time
integral	D employ, utilize
effectively	E question, issue, affair, business, matter, point, task
sometimes	F nevertheless, but
always	G demand, lack, need, want.
problem	H efficaciously, efficiently, rationally
require	I right along (Am), constantly, continually, invariably, unchangingly, at every turn
thought-out	J width, distance, x-extent
intangible	Impalpable, inconceivable, incomprehensible неосязаемый, нематериальный

4. Поставити чотири типи питань (загальне, спеціальне, розділове, альтернативне) до одного й того ж речення.

a) There are two basic types of electronic computers: digital and analogue.

b) Each type has its uses in various fields.

c) For their effective operation they require ingeniously thought-out software.

5. Визначте видо-часові форми та стан підкреслених дієслів та вкажіть їх неозначену форму, перекладіть ці речення українською мовою.

IW # 3 ЧАСИ ДІЄСЛОВА В АКТИВНОМУ СТАНІ

Variant I

Choose the right verb:

1. Ukraine_____its own state symbols, Constitution, currency

   1. has c) has had

   2. had d) is having

2. Ukraine_____ an independent country since 1991

   1. was c) had been

   2. has been d) were

3. Danylo _____in a Kuiv bank from 1996 to 1999

   1. worked c) has worked

   2. was working d) works

4. Look! Somebody _____ that window.

   1. breaks c) broke

   2. was breaking d) has broken

5. Nina ______ the newspaper when the phone rang

   1. read c) was reading

   2. reads d) is reading

6. He will wait for me until I ______

   1. shall return c) returned

   2. return d) will return

7. Leave the old bread in the garden, the birds _____ it.

   1. will eat c) have eaten

   2. shall eat d) had eaten

8. _____ you ever _____ your leg?

   1. did ___break c) Do ___break

   2. have ___broken d) Had ___ broken

9. You can turn the television off, I _____ it

   1. do not watch c) did not watch

   2. am not watching d) have not watched

10. Politics ____ very interesting.

    1. were c) is being

    2. are d) is