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6. Give definitions to the following using the vocabulary:

  1. Software

  2. Driver

  3. Application software

  4. Operating system

  5. Communication software

  6. Computer

  7. Peripheral device

  8. Operating system

7. Questions for group discussion:

  1. What do you think is more expensive -hardware or software?

  2. Has anyone in your group ever purchased a software? Why do you think piracy (audio, video, computer software) still exists?

Iw # 8.1 famous people of science amd engineering

Babbage, Charles (1792-1871), British mathematician and inventor, who designed and built mechanical computing machines on principles that anticipated the modern electronic computer. Babbage was born in Teignouth, Devon, and educated at the University of Cambridge. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1816 and was active in the founding of the Analytical, the Royal Astronomical, and the Statistical Societies.

In the 1820s Babbage began developing his Difference Engine, a mechanical device that could perform simple mathematical calculations. Although Babbage started to build his machine, he was unable to complete it because of a lack of funding. In the 1830s Babbage began developing his Analytical Engine, which was designed to carry out more complicated calculations, but this device was never built, too. Babbage's book, «Economy of Machines and Manufactures» (1832), initiated the field of study known today as operational research.

Word List:

anticipate

[æn´tisipeit]

предвосхищать, предугадывать, упреждать

initiate

[i´ni∫ieit]

начать, приступать, положить начало

operational research.

операционное исследование

Difference Engine

Разностная машина

2. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions (if necessary)

  1. he was unable to complete it because _____ a lack of funding

  2. educated _____ the University of Cambridge

  3. mechanical computing machines _____ principles that…

  4. he was active _____ the founding _____ the Analytical, the Royal Astronomical, and the Statistical Societies.

  5. initiated the field _____ study known today _____ operational research.

3. До слів у стовпчику зліва підберіть групу синонімів із стовпчика справа. При визначенні слова орієнтуйтесь на текст

  1. anticipate A. begin ,commence, inaugurate, institute , launch , start

  2. initiate B. complex , compound, sophisticated

  3. perform C. financing, sponsorship, accounting, backing

  4. device D. accomplish, complete, finish, perfect, conclude, round off

  5. to complete E. machine , mechanism , gear

  6. funding F. driver, motor, mover, propeller, propulsion, propulsor, propulsion unit

  7. complicated G. computing, determination, calculus, computation, computing, counting, evaluation, reckoning

  8. engine H. conduct , do , execute , fulfil

  9. unable I. foresee , forestall

  10. calculations J inefficient, unfit, inefficient, incapable