Conclusion
Concepts and systems used in the project management, related difficulties arise from the nature of projects. Thus, in my opinion, it is necessary to understand differences between them.
First of all, project are unique and limited in time, the program does not stop and is carried out according the business in order to achieve certain results. Secondly, the project is designed to achieve the results (output or deliverable) and its success depends on achieving the desired result at the right time and at the right price. Then, program management includes project management, which, in general, improves the performance of the organization. The program's success is measured by profit. Another difference is the fact that the benefit is a measure of the improvement of the organization and may include increased revenue, increased profits, reduced costs, reduced loss or damage to the environment, increasing the number of satisfied customers, for instance, for federal and local government organization may be to gain a better quality of service to society. In addition to these features, which follow from the definition, projects are often characterized by another feature, as uniqueness. This feature characterizes the presence of novelty (originality) of project part and the availability of novelty (uniqueness) of the overall project.
On the way to achieve the necessary results a business plan clarifies the business limitations and determines the necessary processes to achieve the objectives on the basis of available resources. Process improvement is a continuous operation, which greatly differs the program from the project. At the lowest level project managers manage individual projects. They are under the control of the program manager, who reports to the sponsor (or the board of directors). Typically process exists to change the preset scope of the project. The program had to react to changes in the strategy and to changes in the environment in which the organization is changing. By the way, proper understanding of the project environment is also important to successfully achieve specific goals of the project.
The difference between project management from the management in general is that the project is a unique one-time process that is not included in the list of its day to day operations and project management intended to provide such conditions and such organization of work, to ensure compliance with deadlines, budgets and objectives achieved.
The steps required to implement the project, as a rule, go beyond the usual operations of an organization. Therefore, different approach is required to the organization of entire operation. The most unusual element in the need to manage the team, the composition of which, as a rule, with the time of project plementation. For example, changes in the composition of the team are due to the required particular point of time special skills and knowledge or availability of implementation individual tasks from different employees, different departments, and sometimes from other organizations.
Project management is the implementation and bringing the project to its logical conclusion through the organization and management of people, time, cost and resources. As already mentioned, each project contains several distinguishing features that make it unique. Partly because of its uniqueness, the project is initially risky.
A proper definition of risks is one of the responsible parties and important in getting the desired results of project management. Definition of them before launch of project vitally important to reduce the uncertainty of the future. Seeing myself as the forthcoming project manager, I clearly defined the most important risk factors for me:
the degree of novelty
project scope
the duration and urgency of execution (The risk increases if the established term of execution is small and if it is assigned a fixed end date. In contrast, the term of execution is so great that it increases the likelihood of unforeseen circumstances that may affect the project
complexity of the project
technology (the degree of novelty and uncertainty of technologies used in the development and production of the product)
conditions of a contract
control by the state regulatory bodies and the need to obtain permits
the degree of participation of the customer and its impact on the project
changeability of the market and the environment in which the project is carried
the degree of availability of critical resources
To manage any project for the period of its existence creates a temporary specific organizational structure. The project team is a group of of highly qualified specialists with the knowledge and skills required to effectively achieve the goals of the project. The project team should impact on the creation of a specific organizational environment of the project, forming the values, principles and rules of staff behavior. Implementation of the project is a long process that has greater level of risk and meets with constant change. Therefore, a special feature of the project team is the entrepreneurial nature of its activities aimed to solve weakly structured problems and rapid response to the requirements of the environment.
As well as in the life cycle of the project, the project team has a life cycle, which can distinguish five basic steps, such as forming, runnability, operation, reorganization, disbandment.
At the stage of formation occurs an acquaintance of the team members with each other and with the project as a whole, forming common goals and values, determining norms and rules of cooperation, seting the task team and define the ways and principles of their achievements.
Runnability is when within the team process of identification of leaders, the formation of informal groups, defining the role of individual workers and their place in the team, setting the psychological climate in the team, its internal culture that defines the style of operation and management, the image of the interaction of the team members.
Working together is the most long stage. A normal process of operation goes on the basis of the formed command feelings.
Stage reorganization occurs due to changes in the quantitative or qualitative composition of the team, or the status of the project.
And finally, disbandment occurs in the end of the individual stages and the whole project, the individual units nd the entire project team are disbanded.
Despite the presence of genital and effective solutions, without taking into account all possible risks, competent management, step by step control operations, such solutions can not be implemented.
The team has set within it powers and achievable goals. At the same time particular attention should be paid to the systematization of work, strict following to the plan, and, if it wil be necessary, adjustment of actions, control in general, the sequence of actions. The project necessitate set ambitious goals, but you need to follow them step by step. The team is the definition of the single solutions. It needs to do harmonious coordinated action to carry out the project.
In modern management science and practice more and more attention is paid to ability to motivate people and to create effective teams. The work in the project also involves a more difficult operating conditions, as in most cases, project participants have to report to multiple bosses, for example, to the customers and the Board of Directors. However, the tools of project management are not the only ways to motivate people, but also time management techniques, quality, costs, methods of monitoring and control.
Despite many standardized recommendations, we can not highlight a single methodology that can guarantee the success of the project. Every organization is unique as corporate culture and existing working methods.
Therefore, first of all, to fulfill the project it is necessary on-time information to all who concerns to projecta, step by step monitoring and conrol of the operations, risk management, readiness for internal change as well as coming from the external environment.
Of course, if you compare human life and the life of the project we can confidently say that in both cases, a life is full of successes and failures, for me, success is a push to move on. At the same time, the loss is a failure to posed goals, but in the real world there is no time for lengthy emotions, and it should be taken as the experience that is the next must not be repeated.
If you follow all these requirements, it also cannot guarantee success, but it will be able to give a drop of confidence in the near future. And it's not so little in the way of implementation of goals.