III . Copy the sentences. Define the tense-form of the predicates. Translate the sentences

1. If we use this new building material, we'll obtain the most effective result by the most economical means.

2. If steel were introduced into this material, it would change its properties.

3. If mechanical properties of this material had been tested, the structure would not have been fractured.

IV. Copy the sentences. Underline predicates and define their tense and voice. Translate the sentences

1. Power cranes are emploeyd for lifting materials, parts and whole structures into the building being erected.

2. Until quite recent years town plans were always made as inflexible patterns but history has shown that a plan of this description inevitably breaks down in time.

3. The town has changed greatly since I saw it last.

V. Read the text Translate the paragraphs 2, 3, 4 in a written form

Notes:

sulphate - resisting cement - сульфатостійкий цемент

high alumina cement — цемент з високим вмістом глинозему

blast - furnace slag - доменний шлак

screenings – висівки

Something about Cementing Materials

1. Lime, gypsum and cement are the three materials most widely used in building construction for the purpose of binding together masonry units. Cement is considered to be the most important component of concrete. Used in construction those materials form very important elements in all masonry structures. As a class they are designed as cementing materials.

2. We suppose the gradual improvement in Portland cement quality from the time of its introduction to have led to elaboration of rapid-hardening Portland cement. Later developments having been carried out, low heat and sulphate-resisting cement, also white and coloured cements were brought into life. Another important class of cement is high alumina cement. High alumina cement is a material containing alumina. It is known to be very resistant to chemical attacks.

3. Specialists know Portland cement like other materials to be modified to some extent to suit a particular application. The scope for such purpose-made cements has led to the development of high alumina cement, blast-furnace slag and puzzolanas.

4. The most important building material may now be considered an artificial conglomerate of crushed stone, gravel or similar inert material with a mortar. A mixture of sand, screenings or similar inert particles with cement and water having the capacity of hardening into rocklike mass is called mortar. The main object in proportioning concrete or mortar mixes is the production of a durable material of requisite, water tightness and other essential properties at minimum cost. If we want to achieve this aim, careful attention must be given to the selection of cement, aggregate and water.

VI. Read the 1th paragraph of the text and choose the correct answer to the question

What are lime, gypsum and cement most widely used for?

1. They are used as components to produce concrete.

2. They are used for binding together masonry units.

3. They are used to reinforce concrete structures.

4. They are the most important components for making bricks.

Part X

I. Copy the sentences. Underline the Subjective Infinitive Complex with I line, the Objective Infinitive Complex with 2 lines. Translate the sentences

1. Chemical attack and pore structures are known to be interrelated.

2. Specialists consider experience of previous behaviour to be a most unreliable guide when a material is used in a novel manner.

3. The use of cornices seems to simplify the problem of rain exclusion.

4. The method of prefabrication is supposed to help in the construction of blocks of flats.

II. Copy the sentences. Underline Participial Constructions. Translate the sentences

1. Concrete prestressed by this method can span very long distances.

2. Having selected building material the engineer began considering it from the point of view of its structural peculiarities.

3. The pitch of the roof increasing, the snow load will decrease and the wind load increase.

4. Speaking about the types of loads we must know the Boston building law.

III. Copy the sentences. Define the tense-form of the predicates. Translate the sentences

1. If you knew the Boston building law, you would see how the increasing of the pitch of the roof affects the load.

2. If you want to receive a durable structure, you'll be to study the technique of scientific testing of materials.

3. If the architect had used projecting eaves (виступаючі карнизи), the surface of facade would have been protected against rain and snow.

IV. Copy the sentences. Underline predicates and define their tenses and voice. Translate the sentences

1. The streets and buildings of exiting towns will serve many future generations,

2. Chemists engaged id polymer research have produced the world's best synthetic rubbers.

3. The advantages of reinforced concrete arches were demonstrated by modern industrial buildings.

V. Read the text Translate the paragraphs 2, 3, 4 in a written form

Notes:

elusive - невловимий

moisture content - вміст вологи