1. Say whether these statements are true or false.

1. There are lots of methods to check how roads are built.

2. The method for checking the road condition was developed by a group of experienced scientists.

3. It’s difficult to predict the future state of a road because it is made of many different materials.

2. Give synonyms to the following words from the text:

to build, several, a method, good, to expect, prognosis, to respond, to inspect.

3. Match the English word combinations and their Ukrainian equivalents:

a) dangerous accident	1) попередній досвід
b) previous experience	2) обгрунтовані припущення
c) educated guesses	3) перевантаження довкілля
d) intensive efforts	4) жахливі нещасні випадки
e) quality enhancement	5) атомна електростанція
f) nuclear power plant	6) ретельні зусилля
g) environmental loads	7) зростання якості

4 . Translate the words of the same root. Construct a “word-flower” using suffixes to form derivatives of the word “to differ”. Cross out the unnecessary “petals”.

1) qualitative, quality;

3) safely, safeness, safety, safe;

4) robust, robustness, robustly;

5) properly, proper, property;

6) inspect, inspector, inspection.

Grammar Practice

1. Make the plural forms for the following words:

prognosis, analysis, basis, crisis, appendix, alumnus, alga, criterion, datum, index, medium, nucleus, phenomenon, radius, spectrum, vita.

2. Find all the occurrences of the Passive Voice in the text and define the tense of the verb forms.

3. Use the required form of the verbs in brackets.

Several billion Euros (to spend) every year on the building and repairing of European roads. Intensive efforts (to make) to improve the methods for quality control of materials. A new method of using sound waves already (to develop) by a young scientist. The introduction of this technology (to prevent) horrible accidents.

4. Find all the occurrences of the verb “to be” in the text and explain their functions.

3. What is the Volume & Chemical Composition of Blood?

approximately	приблизно	adipose	тваринний жир
to suspend	зависати	tissue	біол. тканина
suspension	суспензія, завись	cellular	клітинний
a platelet	тромбоцит	remainder	залишок, решта
bottom	нижній	to dissolve	розчиняти(ся)
abundant	хім. поширений	a coat	мед. оболонка
straw-colored	блідо-жовтий	buffy	жовтий

Blood is slightly more dense and approximately 3-4 times more viscous than water. Blood consists of cells which are suspended in a liquid. As with other suspensions, the components of blood can be separated by filtration, however, the most common method of separating blood is to centrifuge (spin) it. Three layers are visible in centrifuged blood. The straw-colored liquid portion, called plasma, forms at the top (~55%). A thin cream-colored layer, called the buffy coat, forms below the plasma. The buffy coat consists of white blood cells and platelets. The red blood cells form the heavy bottom portion of the separated mixture (~45%).

Blood volume is variable, but tends to be about 8% of body weight. Factors such as body size, amount of adipose tissue, and electrolyte concentrations all affect volume. The average adult has about 5 liters of blood.

Blood consists of cellular material (99% red blood cells, with white blood cells and platelets making up the remainder), water, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, vitamins, electrolytes, dissolved gases, and cellular wastes. Each red blood cell is about 1/3 hemoglobin, by volume. Plasma is about 92% water, with plasma proteins as the most abundant solutes. The main plasma protein groups are albumins, globulins, and fibrinogens. The primary blood gases are oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.

Speech patterns

tend to be	як правило
It tends to be cold at night.	Як правило, у ночі прохолодно.

as with other	як і інші
As with other suspensions, the components of blood can be separated by filtration.	Як і інші суспензії, компоненти крові можуть бути розділені за допомогою фільтрації