1. Write down all the infinitives with the function of purpose from the text. Compose 2 sentences with the Infinitive in this function.

2 . Form nouns from the following words:

to detect, to produce, to help, to utilize, to fit, to miniature, serious, human.

Choose the necessary suffixes from the “word-flower” and add them to the words. Translate nouns into Ukrainian.

3. Match the modal verbs and their equivalents in the appropriate tense form:

a) can	1) have to
b) could	2) is able to
c) may	3) was permitted to
d) might	4) is allowed to
e) must	5) was able to

4. Find the sentences in the text where the -ed form of the verb is a part of the passive construction and make them interrogative.

20. Step Forward For Nanotechnology: Controlled Movement Of Molecules

an advance	просування	self-healing	самозагоювання
a challenge	виклик; проблема	to repair	відновлювати
desired	бажаний	a tear	розрив
an achievement	досягнення	to deliver	доставляти
an implication	наслідок	to spare	берегти
to coax	примушувати	tissue	тканина
to treat	лікувати	to involve	включати
a disease	хвороба	partially	частково

Scientists in the United Kingdom are reporting an advance toward overcoming one of the key challenges in nanotechnology: getting molecules to move quickly in a desired direction without help from outside forces. Their achievement has broad implications, the scientists say, raising the possibility of coaxing cells to move and grow in specific directions to treat diseases. It also could speed development of some long-awaited nanotech innovations. They include self-healing structures that naturally repair tears in their surface and devices that deliver medication to diseased while sparing healthy tissue. Mark Geoghegan and colleagues note long-standing efforts to produce directed, controlled movement of individual molecules in the nano world, where objects are about 1/50,000^th the width of a human hair. The main solutions so far have involved using expensive, complex machines to move the molecules and they have been only partially successful, the scientists say.

1. Say whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.

1. Scientists from the United Kingdom try to make molecules move in a desired direction without help of external forces.

2. One of the main fields of application of the invention is agriculture.

3. In the nano world objects are about the width of a human hair.

2. Find the words from the text that corrrespond to the definitions:

1) something that has been accomplished, especially by hard work, ability, or heroism; 2) a fellow worker or member of a staff, department, profession, etc.; 3) the smallest unit into which any substance can be divided without losing its own chemical nature, usually consisting of two or more atoms; 4) a new idea, method, or invention.

3. Give synonyms to the following words from the text:

advance, a challenge, desired, help, a possibility, a disease, to speed, to deliver, a medication.

4. Fill in the gaps with the words from the text.

1. A young ___ proposed a method of detecting unwanted impurities in water.

2. Specialists of various fields of engineering demonstrated their ___ at the annual fall exhibition.

3. A file makes the ___ of a treated material much smoother.

4. It took the mechanic the whole day to ___ our broken bicycle.

5. We cannot buy this computer, it’s too ___.

Grammar Practice

1. Write down from the text all the -ing-forms of the verbs in two lists:

a) the Participle and b) the Gerund. Analyze the context to explain the difference in their function and translation.

2. Find all occurrences of “to” in the text. Analyze their functions. Give your own examples for each function.

3. Put down all plural noun forms from the text into 3 lists according to the pronunciation of -s: 1) [s], 2) [z], 3) [iz].