The Pearl : a story of greed

Kino, a Mexican pearl diver, and his wife Juana live a happy life until, one morning, their son Coyotito is stung by a scorpion. They take him to the local doctor, but he will not treat the boy because the family is too poor to pay. Juana treats the boy herself. That same day, Kino goes diving and finds an enormous pearl, which means he is now a wealthy man. However, when other people hear about the pearl, they plan to steal it. When the doctor hears about Kino's pearl, he offers to treat Coyotito, even though Juana's treatment has already cured him. That night, someone tries to steal the pearl, so the next day Kino goes into town to sell it. The merchants say the pearl is not very valuable because it is too big. Kino knows this is a trick and so he decides to go to another town to sell the pearl.

Juana tries to persuade Kino to throw it away because she believes it is evil and fears that it will destroy the family, but Kino refuses. He wants it to pay for his son's education.

On their way to the other town, the family are followed by thieves who want the pearl. Juana and Coyotito hide in a mountain cave, but Coyotito cries out. When the thieves hear this noise, they fire their guns at what they think is a wild animal. Kino attacks the thieves, but by now it is too late - Coyotito is dead. Deciding that the pearl is evil, Kino and Juana return to their home town and throw it into the sea.

Definitions:

celebrity	a famous person , especially an actor or entertainer
civil servant	someone who works in the civil service(for a government department)
correspondent	someone whose job is to report news from a distant place or write about a particular subject.
economic depression	a long period when there is not a lot of business activity.
diver	someone who swims under water with breathing equipment
force	to make someone do something they do not want to do
pearl	a valuable small white round object that forms inside an oyster and is used in jewellery
publicity	attention that someone or something gets from newspapers , TV , etc.
cave	a large natural hole in the side of a cliff or under the ground.
greed	when you want to have more money , food , power etc than you need.
scorpion	a creature like a large insect with a curved tail that has a poisonous sting.
throw away	to get rid of something that you do not want or need.
merchant	someone who buys and sells large quantities of food.
stung	the past participle of the verb "sting". If an insect, animal or plant stings you, it hurts you by putting poison into your skin
treat	to give someone medical treatment for an illness or injury

Language Notes

۩ Think of = think about يفكر في / عند السؤال عن الرأي

I'm thinking of / about buying a new car.

What do you think of / about this shirt?

۩ Think of يتذكر / يفكر في الآخرين

I can't think of her name now.

You should think of other people.

۩ inquire / enquire (about) = ask for information يستفسر ۩ require = need يتطلب / يحتاج

 He enquired about the price of tickets.

 Please telephone this number if you require any further information.

۩ receipt إيصال الشراء ۩ bill فاتورة (كهرباء / مياه / تليفون / مطعم)

 Make sure you are given a receipt for everything you buy.

 They asked the waitress for the bill.

 لاحظ استخدام التعبيرات الآتية مع فعل tell:

tell a story	tell the differenceيبين الفرق أو الاختلاف	tell the truth يقول الحقيقة
tell the time	tell a jokeيروي نكتة	tell a secret يُفشي سر
tell a lie يكذب	tell someone off يوبخ	tell fortunes يتنبأ بما سيحدث لشخص

 لاحظ استخدام التعبيرات الآتية مع كلمة time:

opening time	closing time	arrival time
departure timeوقت المغادرة	free time = spare time	time's up انتهي الوقت (المحدد لعمل ما)
at times = sometimes	from time to time أحيانا	time after time = time and time again
at all times = always	at the time في ذلك الوقت	take your time تمهل / لا تتسرع
in no time بأسرع وقت	once upon a time ذات مرة	a matter of time مسألة وقت

 يمكن استخدام الأسئلة الآتية عند السؤال عن الوقت:

 What time is it?  What's the time?  Do you have the time?

 Have you got the time?  What time do you have?  What time do you make it?

 لاحظ الجملة الآتية:

 Watching TV for two hours, I went to bed.

= After I had watched TV for two hours, I went to bed.

Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:

Choose the correct answer:

1. Today's newspaper has a very interesting report from one of their (accountants – correspondents – engineers – carpenters) in India.

2. My grandmother's beautiful (pearl – plastic – wooden - woolen) necklace was a wedding present from her uncle. It cost him a lot of money.

3. Police are looking for the missing car. (Drivers – Observers – Believers - Divers) have been searching the river all day.

4. A well-known TV (security – authority – celebrity - charity) is opening a new supermarket in our town tomorrow.

5. People lost their jobs and businesses closed during that year's terrible (depression – decision – delusion - discussion).

6. I'd like to help my country by working as a civil (singer – musician – doctor – servant).

7. Being (sung – rung – stung - hung) by an insect is very painful.

8. That shopkeeper is always great to (do – make – take – put) business with.

9. My friend (saved – prevented - persuaded - made) me to go swimming, even though I felt ill.

10. You should be careful when you (drive – live – dive - hive) into water if you don't know how deep it is.

11. Although people are frightened of them, (scorpions – Cows – Flies - Ducks) don't kill many human beings.

12. I (took – made – threw – flew) away the newspaper this morning. I didn't know you hadn't read it.

13. With a little (dissuasion – persuasion – invasion - deprivation), he has agreed to meet tomorrow evening.

14. My sister can be very (excessive – passive – persuasive - obsessive). She usually gets what she wants.

15. Don't be so (bloody – moody – sandy - greedy). You've eaten enough.

16. What's the best (agreement – elimination – treatment – development) for a headache?

17. They gave a (stinging – singing – banging - ringing) report about the company's problems.

18. A (hall – hole – cave – tunnel) is a large natural hole in the side of a cliff or under the ground.

19. A (greedy – speedy – weary - angry) man usually wants to have more money, food, power etc than he needs.

20. A (scorpion - scooter – scope - score) has a poisonous sting.

21. A (diamond – stone – pearl - necklace) is a valuable small white round object that forms inside an oyster and is used in jewellery.

22. To (deprive – force – imitate - bring) is to make someone do something they do not want to do.

23. A (calamity – causality – capacity - celebrity) is a famous person, especially an actor or entertainer.

24. A (social – civilized - civil – devil) servant is someone who works in the civil service or a government department.

25. A (presenter – correspondent – interviewer - manager) is someone whose job is to report news from a distant place or write about a particular subject.

26. A (shopper – shopkeeper – merchant - salesperson) is someone who buys and sells large quantities of food.

27. Most wild animals won't (attract – block – check – attack) unless they are provoked.

28. I shouldn't have (thrown – done – brought – taken) away the receipt. I need it to return this shirt.

29. Doctors are (beating – heating – treating – sending) him for cancer.

30. Henry was (hanged - stung – tricked – cheated) by a bee at the picnic.

31. After this accident, it will be difficult for the government to (persuade – congratulate – concentrate – compensate) people that nuclear power stations are safe.

32. We do (industry – shops - business – sales) with a number of Italian companies.

33. Don't be so (greedy – gassy – glassy – granny)! Leave some cake for everyone else.

34. He became a national (festival – feast - celebrity – liberty) after winning the contest.

35. Martin Bell worked for many years as the BBC's war (caricaturist –correspondent – cartoonist – colonist), covering conflicts all over the world.

36. William blamed his financial difficulties on the worldwide (compression – admission – concession – depression).

37. The submarine (derived – dived - approved – involved) just in time to avoid the enemy attack.

38. He noticed she was wearing a string of (rocks – dust – pearls – peels) about her neck.

39. It had taken a great deal of (persuasion – prevention – invention – intention) to get him to accept.

40. You don't really want more ice cream - it's just (seed – breed – greed – bleed).

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

1. Doctors are trying out a new tournament for depression.

2. He made a sponging attack on government policy.

3. Ali's argument was preservative, but the managers still turned down his proposal.

4. After he had been beaten by the scorpion, he was taken to the local doctor.

5. Douglas was seated with much more respect after his promotion.

6. He went driving and found an enormous pearl.

7. When other people heard about the valuable peel, they planned to steal it.

8. I don’t need that—you can throw it on.

9. Being needy does not always solve people's problems.

10. I've been corrupting with several experts in the field.

.

Verb + object + to-inf.

advise	Ali's father advised his son to work harder.
ask	The teacher asked Mahmoud to read his essay to the class.
encourage	My mother always encourages me to bring friends home.
expect	What do you expect me to do?
force	The bad weather forced people to stay at home all day.
help	Can you help me to carry the shopping upstairs, please?
instruct	The policeman instructed people not to drive so fast.
invite	We invited our neighbours to have tea with us.
order	The officer ordered the soldiers to attack.
teach	My mother taught me to write carefully.
allow	He allowed me to use his computer.
beg يتوسل	She begged him to give her the money.
challenge يتحدي	I challenge Dr. Carver to deny his involvement!
choose	They chose him to do the job.
command يأمر	The officer commanded his men to shoot.
hire	I hired someone to fix the roof.
would like	I'd like you to buy some stamps for me.
motivate يحفز	We should motivate people to learn new skills.
permit يسمح	The security system will not permit you to enter without the correct password.
persuade	I persuaded him to lend me the money.
promise	I promised them to do the job well.
remind يُذكر	I reminded him to buy the newspaper.
require يتطلب	You are required by law to wear a seat belt.
urge يحث	I got an e-mail from him urging me to get in touch.
tell	I told him to leave at once.
want	I want you to sign this cheque.

 في حالة وجود that وبعدها فاعل بعد التعبيرات والأفعال الآتية نستخدم inf. أو should + inf.

suggest / insist / recommend / It is essential / It is important / It is necessary (that)

 I suggested (that) he come with me. I suggested that he should come with me.

 It is necessary that she should talk to me when she gets here.

 It is essential that every child should have the same educational opportunities.

Noun + Preposition

addiction to إدمان	belief in اعتقاد	dedication to تفاني	devotion to إخلاص/تكريس
anxiety about قلق	credit for شرف / فخر	delay in	advantage of
disadvantage of	fondness for ولع بـ	interest in	love of
fear of	habit of	knowledge of	memory of ذكري
preference for تفضيل	reaction to رد فعل	regret for	reputation for سمعة
process of عملية	reason for	report on	responsibility for
story about	talent for موهبة	experience in	increase in
decrease in	decline in انخفاض	cause of

Adjective + Preposition

accustomed to معتاد	content with قانع	frightened of خائف	remembered for
addicted to مدمن	dedicated to متفاني	guilty of مذنب	responsible for
afraid of	devoted to مكرس	happy about	scared of خائف
anxious about قَلِق	disappointed with	interested in	terrified of مرعوب
bored of	discouraged by	involved in متورط	tired of
capable of	excited about	known for	worried about
committed to ملتزم	famous for	opposed to معارض	proud of
concerned about قلق	fond of مغرم

Verb + Preposition

find out about	يعرف عن	prevent from	يمنع من
wonder about	يتساءل بشأن	differ from	يختلف عن
tell someone about	يخبر شخص عن	complain to	يشكو لشخص
think about / of	يفكر في	belong to	يخص
dream about/of	يحلم بـ	apply to	يتقدم بطلب لشخص أو شركة
hear about / of	يسمع عن	object to	يعترض علي
complain about	يشكو من	result from	ينتج من
know about	يعرف عن	congratulate on	بهنيء بـ
talk about	يتحدث عن	accuse of	يتهم بـ
read about	يقرأ عن	consist of	يتكون من
warn about	يحذر من	die of	يموت بسبب
search for	يبحث عن	result in	يؤدي الي
Apologise to someone for	يعتذر عن شيء	succeed in	ينجح في
hope for	يأمل في	believe in	يؤمن بـ
blame .. for	يلوم علي	help in/with	يساعد في
apply for (a job)	يتقدم بطلب لوظيفة	deal with	يتناول / يتعامل مع
work for	يعمل لدي	do without	يستغني عن
hear from	يتلقي أخبارا من	charge with	يتهم بـ
protect ..from / against	يحمي من	rely on = depend on	يعتمد علي
suffer from	يعاني من	concentrate on	يركز علي
recover from	يشفي من

 في حالة وجود فعل بعد know / show نستخدم how to + inf. :

 I don't know how to use the computer.

 في حالة وجود فعل بعد what / how / where نستخدم to + inf. :

 I don't know where to put these books.

 I have no idea where to look for my lost bag.

 لاحظ ما يلي :

It + be + Adj. + to + inf.

 It is difficult (for him) to study Physics.

 It was easy for me to do the job.

 في حالة وجود فعل بعد الصفات التالية نستخدم to + inf. :

happy / sad / glad / willing مستعد/ unwilling / eager متلهف/ pleased / lucky / relieved / amazed / astonished مندهش

 He was not happy to see me.

 الأفعال الآتية يستخدم بعدها المصدر ليدل علي أننا شاهدنا أو سمعنا الحدث بالكامل ويأتي بعدها الفعل مضافا له ing ليدل علي أننا سمعنا أو شاهدنا جزء من الحدث:

يلاحظ	notice	يسمع	hear
يشاهد	watch	يري	see

 I heard Peter sing a song. = I heard the whole song.

 I heard Peter singing a song. = I heard part of the song.

 لاحظ استخدام to + inf. بعد الكلمات the first / the second .. / the last / the next

 Gagarin was the first to fly in a spaceship..

 Mona was the last to watch the film.

 يُستخدم المصدر بدون to بعد الأفعال الناقصة:

can / could / may / might / must / mustn't / needn't / shall / Should / will / would

They needn't do the job today.

She can speak 3 languages.

 فعل help يأتي بعده المصدر مع to أو بدون to:

 He helped me do the job. He helped me to do the job.

 الأفعال الآتية يـأتـي بعـــدها ING في حالة عدم وجود مفعول ، و يأتي بعدها to + inf. في حالة وجود مفعول:

permit يسمح	forbid يمنع	advise ينصح
encourage يشجع	recommend يوصي بـ	allow يسمح

 They do not permit parking here.

 They do not allow anyone to park here.

Choose the correct answer:

1. He's teaching his son (riding – to ride – ride – ridden) a horse.

2. Mona's mother (warned – planned – asked – discouraged) her daughter to help her prepare dinner for the family.

3. They are never late, so I (expect – accept – prepare – force) them to arrive in a few minutes.

4. Our friends invited us (having – to have – to having – had) tea with them.

5. My father has (admitted – suggested – advised – hired) me to be careful with my money.

6. The teacher (warned – hoped – wondered – opposed) the students not to talk during the test.

7. The officer ordered the soldiers (attack – attacking – attacked – to attack) the enemy.

8. Don't forget (send – sending – to send – sent) me a postcard when you are on holiday.

9. If you like, I can teach you (play – playing – to play – played) tennis at the weekend.

10. Ali's father warned him (not to spend – not spending – not spent – not to be spent) too much money.

11. He was the last one (arrive – to arrive – arriving – arrived) at the meeting.

12. They do not allow (smoke – to smoke - smoking – smoked) inside the building.

13. Bringing up children often (requires – involves – includes - excludes) you to put their needs first.

14. The police instructed people (evacuates – evacuating – evacuated - to evacuate) the buildings.

15. We were encouraged (learning - to learn – learn – of learning) foreign languages at school.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

1. Salem encouraged his brother working harder.

2. Khaled is excepting his friends to arrive soon.

3. When I was younger, I always wanted my mother read me stories.

4. Teachers often forbid their students to work harder.

5. Her parents wanted her gone to a good university.

6. I'd encourage everyone from working for a charity.

7. When I was younger, my father often warmed me not to waste time.

8. This year, I'm expecting passing all my exams.

9. He suggested that she applies for the job.

10. He told me phoned him the next day.

الروابط الدالة على الغرض:

+ الفاعـل

So that لكي

In order that

In the hope that

can / may / will + inf. في حالة المضارع

could / might / would + inf. في حالة الماضي

لاحظ حذف الأفعال want / desire / intend عند استخدام so that

● Students go to school. They want to learn.

Students go to school so that they can learn.

● He opened the door. He wanted to see who was outside.

He opened the door so that he could see who was outside.

وبدلا من so that يمكن استخدام

In order to / to / so as to + inf.

With a view to / with the aim of / in the hope of + ing.

●She went to the bank in order to get some money.

●We bought the cottage with a view to settling down there after retirement.

●We came to the island in the hope of finding a simpler way of life.

Choose the correct answer:

1. She's studying English at night school (so as to - so that – in order – with a view to) she can go to university.

2. I'll move my car (so that – in order to – in the hope of – with the aim of) you can get into the garage.

3. They took steps (in the hope of – so that – to – with a view to) make sure this kind of disaster would never happen again.

4. The Green Party was started (with the aim of – so that – in – in order to – in order that) protecting the environment

5. I did not tell them the real reason for my visit (so as not – in the hope of not - in order not to – with a view to) offend anyone

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

1. So that to be a doctor, you have to study for six years.

2. You must eat sensibly so that you losing weight.

3. When I get home late I sleep in the spare room, so as not disturbing my wife.

4. He lowered his voice with the aim of she couldn't hear him.

5. He went out to the Far East in order to he could set up his own import-export business.

 في حالة تحويل الفعل إلى اسم يتحول الحال إلى صفة :

V . + adv.

Adj. + n.

• He ran quickly. He was a quick runner.

• He learns slowly. He is a slow learner.

 لاحظ أن معظم الصفات تتحول إلي حال بإضافة ly:

continuous مستمر continuously

remarkable ملحوظ remarkably

fluent fluently بطلاقــة

 هناك حالات شاذة مثل:

fast – hard – late (adj. & adv.)

weekly أسبوعيا– yearly – monthly – daily يوميا – early (adj. & adv.)

good (adj.) well (adv.)

 There was a sudden change in the weather.

The weather changed suddenly.

 The temperature rose gradually.

There was a gradual rise in the temperature.

لاحظ أنه في حالة وجود فعل نريد تحويله إلى اسم نستخدم فعل آخر مكانه حسب زمن الجملة:

Accidents have increased on this road.

There has been an increase in accidents on this road.

The production of oil will decline soon.

There will be a decline in the production of oil soon.,

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

1- He is a well speaker of English.

2- He has works very hardly. He needs some rest.

3- There was a remarkably improvement in the economy.

4- She gave a loudly cry.

5- Oil prices rose sharp last week.

Language Functions: Persuading someone to do something

Are you sure you can't (lend him the money)?	Sorry, I really need it
Can't I persuade you to (stay with the company)?	No, I'm sorry. I've already found a new job.
I really think you should (get more sleep).	Yes, you are right. I've been working so hard recently.
Why don't you (see a doctor)?	I'll do that.
Please, (come to my party at the weekend). I'm sure you'll enjoy it.	I'd like to come, but I need to ask my parents first.
Surely the best thing to do is to (look for another job).	Yes, I agree with you.

Test on Unit 17

A- Language Functions

1- Respond to the following situations:

1. You want to persuade your friend to read "The Grapes of Wrath" by Steinbeck.

2. You do not understand what distance learning is. You ask a friend.

3. Your brother looks worried. You want to know if he has a problem.

4. A friend asks you what you think about Steinbeck's "The Pearl".