The less the less

the more the more

the + adj.-er the + adj.-er

 If you study hard, you'll get high marks.

The harder you study, the higher marks you will get.

 You eat a lot. You become fat.

The more you eat the fatter you become.

لاحظ استخدام المضارع التام بعد صفة التفضيل 

 This is the loveliest card I’ve ever received.

than + me (I +v.) / her (she +v.),etc.

لاحظ شكل الضمير بعد than (يستخدم ضمير فاعل إذا كان بعده فعل و ضمير مفعول في حالة عدم وجود فعل):

 He is taller than me/him/her.

But: He is taller than I am / he is/ she is.

الصفة إما أن تسبق الاسم أو تلي بعض الأفعال مثلTo Be:

 The boy is clever.  He is a clever boy

ولكن الصفات التالية لا تستخدم قبل الاسم أبدا و لكن تستخدم بعد be وأفعال مثلseem / look / feel:

afraid / awake / asleep / alone / alight / absent/alive

The boy was afraid. She seems awake.

الصفات المنتهية بـ ed تستخدم للعاقل و الصفات المنتهية بـ ing تستخدم لغير العاقل:

excited exciting amazed amazing

Jane is bored because her job is boring.

Tom is interested in the job. Tom finds the job interesting.

أحيانا تستخدم الصفة المنتهية بـ ing مع العاقل:

 He is a boring person. انه شخص ممــل

 She is bored. إنها تشعر بالملل

Exception: استثناء impressed متأثر impressive مبهر

delighted سعيد delightful مبهج

She was delighted with the news.

Thank you for this delightful evening.

يمكن استخدام صفتي مقارنة للدلالة علي التغير المستمر في شيء 

ولاحظ أن الصفة بعد and تأخذ نفس شكل الصفة قبلها.

• It’s becoming harder and harder to find a job.

• It’s becoming more and more difficult to find a job.

يمكن استخدام to + inf. بعد الصفات التالية

happy / pleased/ disappointedخاب أمله /amazed/afraid/glad / delighted /surprised / sad / relieved يشعر براحة astonishedمندهش

• I am sorry to hear that your brother is ill. Tom was surprised to see me.

Language Functions:

Asking for Instructions	Giving Instructions
How can I operate (this coffee machine)?	First, switch it on, then press the red button
Can you show me how to (use this vacuum cleaner?	First, connect it to the electricity supply. After that, press the red button.
How does (this machine) work?	First …. / Then…./ Next…./ Finally….

Exercises on Grammar

Choose the correct answer:

1. If it (is – was – are – has been) a dry year, the rings of the tree are narrower.

2. If it (has rained – will rain – had rained – rains), our plants will grow well.

3. If the goats eat the bark on my trees, the trees (are dying – will die – might have died – will have died).

4. If people (don't get – won't get – haven't got – wouldn't get) enough food, they become ill.

5. If it goes on raining for much longer, the river (will flood – is flooding – has flooded – flood).

6. If the farmer's fields (got – are getting – get – will get) very dry this summer, he will irrigate them.

7. If you heat ice, it (is melting – melted – melts – would melt).

8. If there (is – has been – was – were) a sandstorm tonight, the town will be full of sand tomorrow.

9. If you mix yellow and blue, You (would get – are getting – get – may get) green.

10. If you (aren't watering – don't water – won't water – wouldn't water) these plants soon, they'll die.

11. If the wind is very strong, it (will blow – has blown – would blow – had blown) trees down.

12. If scientists study the rings of trees, they (found – would find – can find – have found) information about our climate in the past.

13. If there (wasn't – weren't – hadn't been – isn't) much rain in a year, the rings in a tree are close together.

14. If they extract a thin piece of wood from the tree, they (can calculate – would calculate – have calculated – might have calculated) its age without cutting it down.

15. If a tree (have – has had – is having – has) deep roots, it won't fall over in strong winds.

16. If the bark of a tree is destroyed, the tree (died – is dying – would die – dies).

17. If you (picked – will pick – have picked – pick) those apples now, they won't taste very sweet.

18. If you leave now, you (catch – will catch – would catch – must have caught) the train.

19. Water freezes if the temperature (is – was – has been – will be) zero or below.

20. If you (throw – threw – have thrown – had thrown) that stone, you'll break a window.

Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:

1. Hurry up! If we don't hurry, we'd be late

2. It's raining hard. We get wet if we go out.

3. I would have been angry if it happens again.

4. We see the whole match if we leave now.

5. If she works hard, she earns more money.

6. Don't worry if I was late tonight.

7. If they didn't come soon, I'm not going to wait.

8. If she ran all the way, she'll get there in time.

9. If he will be sick, he had better go to bed.

10. The dog doesn't attack you if you sit quite still.

11. Unless you don't wear boots, you may get bitten by snakes.

12. He can stay with me provided he agreed to help with the housework.

13. If the bark of the tree was badly damaged, the tree dies.

14. You can see the rings if you are cutting the tree down.

15. If there was a lot of rain during the year, the rings are quite wide.