Unit 3 newton’s laws of motion
Pre-text exercises
Exercise 1. a). The text you are going to read is headlined “NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION ”. Guess what it can run about.
b).Think of 5-7 questions the answers to which you hope to find in the text.
c) In pairs, ask and answer these questions
Exercise 2. Mind the pronunciation of the following words:
Empirical
Constrain
Govern
Accomplish
Momentum
Proportionality
Quantity
Remain
Quantitative
Equation
Procedure
Calculus
Surface
Analyze
Exercise 3. Guess what the following international words mean.
Empirical, planetary, constant, postulate, inertia, basically, gravitational, planets, orbits, conception, vectors, proportional, basic, dynamics, gravity, statics, complex,
electromagnetic.
Exercise 4. Below you will find a list of physical terms mentioned in the text. Choose their Russian equivalents in the right-hand column.
Time rate of change of the velocity |
Движение |
Weight |
Сила |
Magnitude |
Импульс |
Resistance |
Скорость |
Calculus |
Масса |
Law of inertia |
Законы движения |
Velocity |
Постоянная скорость |
Direction of motion |
Прямая линия |
Law of motion |
Закон инерции |
Straight line |
Направление движения |
Constant speed |
Изменение скорости со временем
|
Momentum |
Ускорение |
Inversely proportional |
Прямо пропорциональный |
Directly proportional |
Обратно пропорциональный |
Mass |
Величина |
Resultant |
Равнодействующий |
Motion |
Исчисление |
Acceleration |
Сопротивление |
Force |
Вес |
Exercise 5. The words in A are used in the text “NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION Choose their definitions from B and translate these words into Russian.
A |
B |
Velocity |
The process of continual change in the physical position of an object |
Weight |
The quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity |
Inertia |
The speed of something in a definite direction |
Acceleration |
The quantity of matter which a body contains, as measured by its acceleration under a given force exerted on it by a gravitational field |
Gravity |
An influence tending to change the motion of a body or produce motion or stress in a stationary body |
Momentum |
A property of matter by which it continues in its existing state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless that state is changed by an external force |
Reaction |
Remaining the same in all cases and at all times, unchanging in form or character |
Magnitude |
The rate of change of velocity per unit of time |
Mass |
A numerical quantity or value |
Uniform |
A quantity having direction as well as magnitude, especially as determining the position of one point in space relative to another |
Vector |
The force that attracts a body towards the centre of the earth or towards any other physical body having mass |
Force |
A force exerted in opposition to an applied force |
Motion |
The force exerted on the mass of a body by a gravitational field |
Exercise 6. Match nouns and verbs to form collocations. Use each verb and each noun once only.
To define or constrain |
Planetary motion |
To change |
The underlying physical processes |
To keep |
Three laws of motion |
To formulate |
Rest into motion or motion into rest |
To describe |
On a body |
To define |
The planets moving |
To act |
Force in terms of its effect on moving objects |
Exercise 7. There are some words given in bold type in the text. Choose their synonyms from the table below. Pay attention that the forms of the words in the text may differ from those in the table.
To convert ,to transform to replace, to modify, to vary |
Fundamentally, mainly |
To influence |
To stay |
To rule, to guide, to control |
Axiom |
To characterize, to specify |
Try |
Objects |
To reach, to realize |
To state, to devise |
To accomplish, to understand |
Idea, notion |
Velocity, pace, rate |
To get, to gain, to obtain |
To evolve |
To allow, to let |
|
Read the text and fulfill the tasks given in Comprehension check