Задание к тексту

I Примечание:

to be on the point of doing something – быть готовым что–л. сделать

under the impact – под влиянием

II Найдите значение следующих слов и заполните их:

emerge [ɪ'mɜ:ʤ]

intrinsic [ɪn'trɪn(t)sɪk]

peculiar [pɪ'kju:lɪə]

arise [ə'raɪz]

retrospect

mindedness

sift

receptive [rɪ'septɪv]

succeed [sək'si:d]

fleece [fli:s]

discern [dɪ'sɜ:n]

entity [ 'entɪtɪ]

woodcut ['wudkʌt]

chapbook ['ʧæpbuk]

ancestor ['ænsəstə]

descendant [dɪ'sendənt]

flair [flɛə]

haycutting

III Переведите следующие сочетания слов на русский язык:

a movement peculiar to Russia

the Russians emerged at last as pioneers in the “modern movement”

two personalities of fundamental importance

it played a vital historic role in Russian artistic world

she always remained hostile to urban life

IV Переведите эти предложения на английский язык:

1. Лидером и организатором многих маленьких выставок был Михаил Ларионов.

2. Эта работа сыграла важную историческую роль в русском художественном мире.

3. Эти художники встретились благодаря Ларионову и его выставкам.

4. В работах Гончаровой можно выделить два основных направления.

V Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. When did Russia become a truly international center?

2. What kind of art movement was peculiar to Russia during the years 1911 – 21?

3. Who was the leader and organizer of the many little exhibitions?

4. Why is the work of Larionov and Goncharova very important?

5. What were the sources from which Larionov and Goncharova drew their inspiration in their new primitive style?

6. What was influenced probably directly by the activities of the Abramsevo colony?

7. How can you characterize Goncharova’s mature work?

8. How many streams can we distinguish in Goncharova’s work? What are they?

VI Вставьте нужные слова в эти предложения:

immediate, through, domestic, succeeded, to distinguish, influenced, inspired

1. English girls don’t like to enter________ service, to become servants at home.

2. The ________ face, elegant gesture and serene posture emphasize the sitter’s noble refinement.

3. Gainsborough’s art _________ the development of European painting.

4. Reynolds penetrates into inner world of the girl _________ the environment.

5. Sometimes it is difficult _________ between religious and cosmic images.

6. John Constable never went abroad and found all he needed in his ________ locality.

7. He _________ in portraing the very essence of the English landscape.

The Neo-classical movement

At the down of the 18^th century the novelty of Antoine Watteau’s subjects and techniques opened new possibilities in painting. He was often inspired by scenes and characters from the contemporary theatre in France and Italy and his portrait of a comedian, Gilles, is at once symbolic and personal. It is considered by some to be a self-portrait. This delicate colorist and no less remarkable draughtsman gave full play to his genius by transposing these subjects into a world of dream or fairy. As the painter of “Gay Parties”, he was received into Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture on August 28^th 1717, where he presented the “Embarkation for Cytherus”, a second version of which in conserved in the Charlottenburg Palace in Berlin. This sensitive, poetic art set the fashion for several decades of French painting. We find it in the elegant genre of François Boucher, though his art was more licencious and decorative; in that of Henri Fragonard in Jean-Baptiste Chardin. Even the moralistic Jean-Baptiste Greuze was fashionably graceful in “The Broken Pitcher” (1777).

During the second half of the 18^th century, there was an increasingly strong reaction against a style of painting which began to seem too witty, too charming, too much preoccupied with everyday things. Archeological discoveries renewed the admiration for Greco-Roman antiquity, while at the same time there grew up a deep and generalized idealism which demanded a simpler, more serious and more heroic type of art.

This aspiration gave birth to the Neo-classical movement, of which the “Oath of the Horacios”, the great success of the 1785 Salon, was a sort of manifesto. In the work of Louis David we find all the elements of Neo-Classicism: the moral or historical grandure of his subjects. The Revolution, then the Napoleonic epic, gave this imperious doctrinarian and his pupils a chance to give brilliant expression to their ideas. In spite of official blessing, however, Neo-Classicism did not reign unchallenged. The sensibility and poetic charm of Pierre-Paul Prud’hon prolonged the graceful manner of the 18^th century, while hints of Romanticism are already evident in the work of Anne-Louis Girodet.

“The Raft of the Meduse” presented at the 1819 Salon by Théodore Géricault, is often considered to be the first manifestation of French Romanticism in painting. It is executed with a passion and dramatic force which give it a place among the great masterpieces of French painting and justify, in any case, its exhibition in the same gallery as the works of Eugéne Delacroix, which mark the triumph of the new school. Triumph of colour, movement, emotion…