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AIRLINES – GENERAL

Within the airline there are two statutory positions, one in Operations and one in Engineering. The former is responsible and accountable for the safety of the operation and the latter for the maintenance and upkeep of the aircraft. These positions are often known as the Flight Operations Manager or Chief Pilot and the Engineering Manager or Chief Engineer. These titles will vary from airline to airline.

An airline operates a fleet of aircraft and provides carriage for passengers and/or cargo from one airport to another. It charges a fare for carriage. The collection of fares for the flight is known as the revenue. Payload is the weight of all the passengers plus the cargo carried on a particular flight. The fare may be for a single sector or for a multi-sector flight. The available payload on a flight or series of flights is often called capacity. This may be quoted in volume, weight or in passenger numbers.

Most airlines are based at a particular airport which is often its hub. The airline will have routes to other airports where flights turn around and return to base. These routes are sometimes called spokes. An airline normally produces a timetable for scheduled flights. Airlines may also operate non-scheduled flights, charter operations or fly passengers as part of inclusive tour packages. Large airlines usually have multiple hubs with very complex route systems.

An airline may only operate to another country if there is a bilateral agreement in force between the respective countries. This agreement specifies the terms under which the airline must operate.

МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

КІРОВОГРАДСЬКА ЛЬОТНА АКАДЕМІЯ

НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО АВІАЦІЙНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ

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AVIATION WEATHER

(PART 1)

Information about the weather at the airports of departure, en route, and at the destination is essential for the safety of flight. Despite modern improvements in aircraft design and systems technology, safety is still very much affected by such considerations as visibility, icing, turbulence and strong winds.

Depending upon the actual and forecast met conditions, the pilot must decide whether the flight may be operated safely to its destination on its normal route, divert, or be delayed.

In making his decision, the pilot, will take into account such factors as:

• the general actual and forecast weather pattern in the overall operational area;

• actual and forecast weather at the departure airport;

• actual and forecast weather aloft and it airports the planned and alternative routes;

• actual and forecast weather at the destination airport and at commercially preferable and other available alternate airports.

• the type of aircraft being flown and its equipment;

• his own training, experience and expertise;

• the runway in use and other runways available at departure, destination and en route airports;

• Navigation aids and landing aids available at the various airports, but particularly at the departure and destination airports.

In studying the weather and making his decision the pilot’s overriding consideration will be the safety of the aircraft and all its occupants.

МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

КІРОВОГРАДСЬКА ЛЬОТНА АКАДЕМІЯ

НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО АВІАЦІЙНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ