Printing processes

To produce a white (0) __A_________ on a ground colour the following method is used. Firstly, the fabric is dyed allover with a ground shade say brown then it is printed not with a colour (1)_________ but with a paste containing chemicals capable of (2)___________ the brown colour to a white. Such a paste is called a (3)___________ paste and the method of printing is known as discharge printing. When the brown fabric is printed with the discharge paste this does not usually (4)_______ in the cold but only acts when the fabric is dried and passes for a few minutes through a chamber heated and the air within maintained moist by means of (5)__________. The discharge paste then destroys the brown ground shade to give a white pattern in the printed parts.

This discharge method can be elaborated still further. There will be some dyes which are not destroyed by the (6)___________ in the discharge paste and after the (7)___________ and subsequent steaming it will be a coloured pattern instead of a white pattern on a brown ground which will be produced. These white and coloured discharge processes lend themselves to the production of a wide range of patterns on coloured grounds.

There is an alternative method known as resist printing.

0. A) pattern

58. B) steam

59. C)discharge

60. D) chemicals

61. E) printing

62. F) paste

63. G) bleaching

64. H) act

Завдання 5.

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Dyeing

Dyes can be divided into three classes based on their method of application. Fiber reactive dyes react with functional groups in the fibers. This class includes acid, basic, reactive, direct and mordant dyes. Reactive dyes are anionic dyes that form covalent bonds with the hydroxyl groups in the cellulose. Acid dyes contain sulfonic groups. These dyes are rarely used in cotton dyeing, but are commonly used on nylon and wool. They attach to organic fibers under acidic conditions. Direct dyes are often used in cotton dyeing. They are applied to the yarn under neutral conditions. Mordant dyes are acid dyes which are reacted with a metal salt prior to dyeing. The second class of dyes needs chemical reaction before application. Vat dyes are soluble in their reduced form. They are made insoluble by oxidation after they are applied to organic fibers. Sulfur dyes are also made insoluble through oxidation. The third dye class are special dyes such as disperse, solvent, and natural dyes and pigments.

0. A) Where do reactive dyes react with functional groups?

65. B) How can dyes be divided?

66. C) Why are acid dyes rarely used in wool dyeing?

67. D) What dyes are often used in cotton dyeing?

68. E) What dyes are made insoluble by oxidation?

69. F) Why are sulfur dyes made insoluble through purification?

Використана література

1. И. С. Богацкий. Бизнес-курс английского языка. Киев: «Лотос», 2005.

2. С. І. Буданов. Business English. Ділова англійська мова. Харків, 2006.

3. Л. Кулиш. Английский язык для общения. Киев: Астарта, 2000.

4. В. Ратушная. Английский язык для делового общения. Рига, 2008.

5. M. F. Khachaturova. English for business contacts. Английский язык для деловых контактов. Киев: «Аконит», 2000.

6. Методические указания для обучения студентов экономических специальностей деловому общению на английском языке. Херсон, 2000.